Background informations

1
II
Background informations
Prof. M. M. Ninan
2
SAUL PAUL
Pharisee of a Pharisee
Religious scenario of the time
The builder and the Architect of the
ChurchLiturgy of St.Jacob
3
The Jews had for a great while had three sects of
philosophy peculiar to themselves the sect of
the Essens, and the sect of the Sadducees, and
the third sort of opinions was that of those
called Pharisees
Flavius Josephus ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS 18
4
3 Jewish Sects
Saducees
Sola Scriptura. Freewill. Liberals
Pharisees
Law, Prophets, PredistinationFreewillTheologians
.
Mystics, Predestination, Sanyasis
5
Essenes Mystic group
3 Jewish Sects
Saducees the Jews who only followed the Written
Torah, making up their own interpretations.
Pharisees (the mainstream Jews) Mishna(The Oral
Traditions)
6
Jewish general Joseph son of Matthias defended
Galilee against the Roman legions. After he had
been defeated, he defected to his enemies, and
advised the Roman general Vespasian. When the
latter became emperor, his adviser started a
career as a historian who tried to explain
Judaism to the Greeks and Romans. His most
important works are the Jewish War, the Jewish
Antiquities, an Autobiography and an apology of
Judaism Against Apion (or Against the Greeks).
Being an influential Roman citizen, he accepted a
new name Flavius Josephus. He must have died
about 100 CE, more than sixty years old.

Josephus
7
(No Transcript)
8
The priests, the rich, and the politicians, who
cooperated with Rome all High Priests, like
Annas and Caiaphas were Sadducees.
The Scribes (writers) and Rabbis (teachers)
were Pharisees
Essene Sanyasi
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
PHARISEES(The Seperated Ones) opposed Greek
and Roman rule of their country.
Believed in
the existence of hell, angels, and demons,
Bodily resurrection,
the future coming of the Messiah.
"the Sadducees say that there is no
resurrection, nor an angel, nor a spirit but the
Pharisees acknowledge them all." Acts 238
"Sadducees" (who say that there is no
resurrection) Lk 2027
12
Pharisees Developed from Pious Ones ( 1 Macc
242) The Name means Seperated Ones
Anti-Hellenism
13
Popular religious group concerned with
Piety Observed Oral Laws
Revelation on Sinai
Oral Laws(Traditions)
Written Laws
14
Scripture Is Tradition"Hold fast to the
traditions you received"(2 Thess. 215).
Beware of the Leaven of the Pharisees
15
No political influence until Alexandra Salome
(76-67 BC) Actually persecuted under
Hasmonean, Alexander Janneaus, her husband
With regard to Torah interpretation, the
liberals of the day.
16
297 What I would now explain is this, that the
Pharisees have delivered to the people a great
many observances by succession from their
fathers, which are not written in the laws of
Moses and for that reason it is that the
Sadducees reject them, and say that we are to
esteem those observances to be obligatory which
are in the written word, but are not to observe
what are derived from the tradition of our
forefathers
Josephus Jewish Antiquities, Book 13
17
3. Now, for the Pharisees, they live meanly, and
despise delicacies in diet and they follow the
conduct of reason and what that prescribes to
them as good for them they do and they think
they ought earnestly to strive to observe
reason's dictates for practice.
18
They also pay a respect to such as are in years
nor are they so bold as to contradict them in any
thing which they have introduced and when they
determine that all things are done by fate, they
do not take away the freedom from men of acting
as they think fit since their notion is, that it
hath pleased God to make a temperament, whereby
what he wills is done, but so that the will of
man can act virtuously or viciously.
19
3 They also believe that souls have an immortal
rigor in them, and that under the earth there
will be rewards or punishments, according as they
have lived virtuously or viciously in this life
and the latter are to be detained in an
everlasting prison, but that the former shall
have power to revive and live again
ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS 18
20
Now for the Pharisees, they say that some
actions, but not all, are the work of fate, and
some of them are in our own power, and that they
are liable to fate, but are not caused by fate.
But the sect of the Essens affirm, that fate
governs all things, and that nothing befalls men
but what is according to its determination. And
for the Sadducees, they take away fate, and say
there is no such thing, and that the events of
human affairs are not at its disposal but they
suppose that all our actions are in our own
power, so that we are ourselves the causes of
what is good, and receive what is evil from our
own folly. Flavius Josephus ANTIQUITIES OF THE
JEWS 13
21
(No Transcript)
22
Survived the destruction of temple.They
developed the Synagogues. Mainstay of modern
Jewish faith
23
Sadducees
24
(1) Those of Zadok. (Zadokite)They claim
descent from Zadok, a high priest during the
time of King David. (2) The righteous ones,
based on the Hebrew Zadiq meaning righteous.
(3) Judges or controllers, from the Greek word
syndikoi.
25
Saducees
No Sadducee texts are known their ideas and
opinions are only known from hostile sources
The fundamental difference between the Sadducees
and the Pharisees is the interpretation of the
Law of Moses
Take it literally and nothing more, nothing less
26
Man is a unity
Man is Body, Soul and Spirit
Saducees
Man is only Material Materialism
Man is Body and Soul
Pharisees Essene
Body Ceases to exist.Soul exists forever
Man ceases to exist on death annihilation
Soul in hell
Soul in heaven
Soul rebornreincarnation
eternally
purified
27
Deny "spirit" Man has no soul being
"monochotomous in nature" No conscious life
after death Heaven is a literal restored
"garden of Eden" on earth Hell is annihilation
rather than eternal conscious torment
Anti-Trinitarian The Holy Spirit doesn't
exist, but is merely a personification of God's
power The Devil doesn't exist, but is the
personification of Sin Demons don't exist, but
are personification of disease. Jesus, being
created by God, ceased to exist for 3 days in
tomb.
28
Saducees
Spiritual Resurrection No Bodily resurrection
1- The "Shammai" believed that the righteous
would enjoy eternal life and the wicked would
suffer eternal damnation.    2- The "Hillel"
believed that the wicked would return to eternal
life after having been purged by fire in hell.
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
Third Group of Materialists
But the doctrine of the Sadducees is this That
souls die with the bodies nor do they regard
the observation of any thing besides what the law
enjoins them for they think it an instance of
virtue to dispute with those teachers of
philosophy whom they frequent.
ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS 18
32
Acts 236-10
33
(No Transcript)
34
Started probably at Hasomean Kingdom or even
with David. Ended by the destruction of the
temple 70 AD
35
The Sadducees solidified as a group soon after
the Maccabean revolt (167-160 B.C.). Because
they supported the Hasmonean policy of military
and economic expansion, they gradually came to
exercise tremendous influence in John Hyrcanus's
court (134-104 B.C.). Their influence
predominated until the end of Alexander
Jannaeus's reign (76 B.C.). Under Queen
Alexandra (76-67 B.C.) the Sadducees lost their
power, and their numbers were greatly reduced.
They fared little better under Herod the Great
(37-4 B.C.), who deeply mistrusted the native
Jewish aristocracy. With the imposition of
direct Roman rule (A.D. 6), Sadducean fortunes
revived. Between A.D. 6 and 66 the Sadducees not
only became a major power within the Sanhedrin,
but, for many years, they were able to control
the high priesthood as well. The revolt of
66-70 spelled the end for the Sadducees.
36
Essenes
37
Name derived from Essæi by Philo, who derives it
from hosios, "holy", and Essæi and Esseni by
Josephus. Their numbers according to both
authors was about 4000 and their chief place of
residence along the west side, but away from the
shore, of the Dead Sea.
38
(No Transcript)
39
The doctrine of the Essens is this That all
things are best ascribed to God. They teach the
immortality of souls, and esteem that the rewards
of righteousness are to be earnestly striven for
and when they send what they have dedicated to
God into the temple, they do not offer sacrifices
because they have more pure lustrations of their
own on which account they are excluded from the
common court of the temple, but offer their
sacrifices themselves
40
Started 150 BC Disappeared by 100 AD
Moasticism, Asceticism, Communistic life
41
Tent Maker
Paul the Pharisee
Paul supported himself. He was a rich Roman.
(Acts. 2426) Every Pharisee had to teach his son
a trade by which he could liveActs 183-20 1
Corinthians 412
42
Should earn his own living Should be
married.Strict adherents to sex within marriage.
the synagogue, the rabbi, prayer, Torah study,
and belief in the oral law
43
Education
44
Among the men of
Tarsus the zeal for philosophy
and other kinds of education surpasses that in
Athens and Alexandria and any other place
renowned for schools and occupation in
philosophyStrabo Geography 14.5.13
45
In Early Age he was taught in the Tarsus in the
Roman tradition.
46
At about age 14, Paul wassent to Jerusalem
47
Paul came to study in Jerusalem under Gamaliel
when Shammai became Nasi of the Sanhedrin and
the rise to supremacy of the house of (Beit)
Shammai from AD 20.
48
Rabban Gamaliel Rabbinical teacher, the mentor of
St. Paul. Gamaliel counseled the Jewish Sanhedrin
in Jerusalem to release St. Peter and other
apostles. (Acts 538-39) He reportedly became a
Christian, and the finding of his body in
Jerusalem was celebrated on August 3 by early
Christians.
49
CHIEF RABBAN COSTUME consisting of underrobe,
mantle turban. Red, gold white combination.
50
Manassite chief. The president of the
Sanhedrin at Jerusalem teacher of St. Paul.
He was also known as Gamaliel I, or Gamaliel
the Elder. Grandson and disciple of the famous
scholar Hillel. Grandson of Gamaliel I.
Gamaliel II helped consolidate Judaism after the
Jewish war (AD 66-70).
51
He studied under Rabaan Gamaliel
Kaver of Rabban Gamaliel
52
PAUL
Becomes a self-righteous Pharisee and a patriotic
zealot--Acts 223 He becomes a persecutor of
Christians--Acts 758 83-22 269-11
53
PAUL
A Greek Scholar A Hebrew Scholar A Scholar in the
Jewish Law An Aristocratic Roman Citizen of
fortune.
54
A Man of Three Worlds
Jew
Hellenic Culture
Roman Citizen
55
Principles of Missiology
Go ye, into all the nations and Preach the Gospel
56
Word became flesh.
57
The Gospel was embeded in Hebrew Culture.
58
(No Transcript)
59
(No Transcript)
60
Paulose
Thomas
61
Early Christian Relief Carving
62
St.Pauls Church today