Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

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Chapter 7

• Metabolism Transformations and Interactions

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
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Transfer of Energy Utilizing ATP
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How Efficient is this Process?

• From the food we ingest, we only capture
  about 50 of the energy in the bonds in the form
  of ATP.
• When we utilize the ATP to fuel other
  anabolic processes, we only utilize about 50 of
  the ATPs energy.

Where does the LOST ENERGY go?
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Overview of energy metabolism.
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Carbs
Lipids
Protein (amino acids)
TCA Cycle
Energy Production
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Lets Start with Carbs
Glycolysis (anaerobic)
Release of Small Amount of Energy
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A Simplified Eukaryote Cell
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nuclear Membrane
Chromosomes
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ribosomes)
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Pyruvate-to-Acetyl CoA (aerobic)
Cofactor
Irreversible Step
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The Breakdown of Acetyl CoA To Energy (aerobic)
TCA Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
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SUMMARY Glucose-to-energy pathway
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Fatty Acid Oxidation
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Fats-to-energy pathway
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Transamination Making Nonessential Amino
Acid
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Deamination to give Keto Acids
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Amino Acids-to-energy pathway
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What happens to the NH3?
Urea synthesis
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Urea excretion
Amino Acids
bloodstream
Liver
bloodstream
Kidney
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Electron Transport Chain
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Why does Fat Produce more Energy than
Glucose?
Mol. Weight 256.42 Acetyl CoA produced
8 ATPs produced 129 ATPs per gram 0.50
Mol. Weight 180.16 Acetyl CoA produced
2 ATPs produced 38 ATPs per gram 0.21
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During Feasting - High Dietary Intake
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During Fasting - Low Dietary Intact
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If Fasting Continues - Still Low Dietary
Intact
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Ketosis Ketone Body formation
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Alcohol metabolism
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Alternate route for Acetyl CoA Fat
NADH blocks entry