Unit One: Studying the Earth

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Unit OneStudying the Earth

• Chapter 1
• An Introduction to
• Earth Science

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What is Earth Science?

• The wonder of it all
• To try to explain the phenomena
• To record the events/cycles
• Inventions to help with observations
• and experiments
• The discipline of Earth Science was born!

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Importance of Earth Science

• What earthly events would we like to know in
  advance?
• Which would we like to know more about?
• What would we like to know just for the sake of
  knowledge?

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Stonehenge in England
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There we go!!!
Nope!
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Branches of Earth Science

• Earth Science (ES) is the study of the earth and
  the universe around it
• Knowledge of ES has come from careful
  observations and experimentation
• Four main branches of ES
• Geology
• Oceanography
• Meteorology
• Astronomy

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Branches of ES

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Ecology

• Earth scientists study
• Geosphere the solid Earth
• Hydrosphere Earths water
• Atmosphere gases surrounding Earth
• ES Biology Ecology ? living things and how
  they relate to their environment
• Living things environment ecosystem
• A rotting log or an ocean any more?
• Biosphere the whole Earth

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Dangers to our Biosphere

• Each ecosystem is delicately balanced
• Pollution
• Waste products
• Biodegradable vs. non-biodegradable
• Types of pollution
• Protecting the environment
• Example ozone hole

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So, how do we know all this?

• Here we are! The place where you start in every
  science class you will ever take!!!
• Galileo is known (among many other great things)
  as the Father of the Scientific Method
• This guide helps scientists solve problems it
  is not a step-by-step sequence that has to be
  followed exactly for every experiment.
• The key to this experimental guide is that the
  process MUST be repeatable by another person.

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Steps of the Scientific Method

• State the problem
• Gather info
• Form hypothesis
• Test hypothesis
• State conclusion
• Repeat work

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What is a theory?

• Hypothesis (or set) that has been tested and
  generally accepted
• It is a result of experimentation and
  observations
• Provides a general explanation for observations
  that is consistent with known facts
• A well established theory may become a
• scientific law
• A law is a rule that describes a natural
  phenomenon
• A law must be proven correct EVERY time it is
  tested

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Birth of a TheoryThe Big Bang

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All from a tiny
speck of light!
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Light is a Mystery!

• Characteristics
• Behavior
• Newtons rainbow
  and un-rainbow

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More on light

• Spectroscope ?
• 3 Spectral types
• Continuous
• Bright-line
• Absorption

• Red shift
• Doppler effect

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The Doppler Effect
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Red and Blue Shifts

• Same type of object

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