Vikas Berry

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BioNanoTechnology Integrating Nano-Materials
with Biological Systems
Vikas Berry
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• Biology
• Chemistry Complementary parts
• Complex systems (energy, signaling)
• Unique molecular level devices
• Unique Molecules and textures
• Nanotechnology
• Single electron effects
• Nanogap conduction
• Nanofluidics, nano-heat-conduction
• Unique Optical properties

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Bio-nanotechnology
Interfacing nanotechnology and biological systems
Electronics/ Optics
Biosensors
Complex Systems
DNA micro-array
Biophysics
Sensors
Nano-Machines
Memory devices
Bio-detector
B-MEMS/B-NEMS
Protein Chips
Hybrids
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Bacteria Nanoparticle B-NEMS Device
SiO2
V. Berry, and R. F. Saraf, Angewandte Chemie, 44,
6668-6673, 2005 (Hot Paper) Featured in Nature,
Science News V. Berry, S. Rangaswamy, and R. F.
Saraf, Nanoletters, 4, 939-942, 2004
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Nanorods on Bacteria
V. Berry, A. Gole, S. Kundu, C. Murphy, and R. F.
Saraf, Journal of the American Chemical Society,
127, 17600-17601, 2005
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Bacterium Surface
18-35 nm
Cell wall Structure of Gram positive bacterium
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Deposition Process
Au nanoparticles (30 nm) coated with Poly L-lysine
Bacteria (B. cereus)
Poly L-Lysine
Si Substrate
SiO2 (1 µm)
Au Electrodes (200 nm)
Si Substrate
Only bacteria between the electrodes are shown
Au nanoparticle coated bacteria
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Deposition Density
Nanoparticle Deposition Times 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8
hrs (f) deposition on physical substrate for 16
hrs. Bar 300 nm
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How to achieve Percolation?? SAMs Vs. PE-Fingers
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Nanoparticle Deposition Cartoon
Negative Charge
SAMs
Polyelectrolyte (Positively charged)
Fingers
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Nanoparticle Deposition Cartoon
Negative Charge
SAMs
Polyelectrolyte (Positively charged)
Fingers
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Nanoparticle Deposition Cartoon
Negative Charge
SAMs
Polyelectrolyte (Positively charged)
Fingers
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Perspective
Bacteria is a Micro-Mechanical System
Teichoic acid -------------------------------
Peptidoglycan
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Humidity Sensor B-NEMS
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Poly-L-Lysine capping w/ glutraldehyde no
change in performance
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How does this work?
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I-V Measurements
Room Humidity 42
Slight Curvature Coulomb Blockade
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Cryogenic I-V Measurements
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Electron Tunneling Quantum Mechanical Effect
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Electron Tunneling
Metal Electrode B
Metal Electrode A
e
E
Electron energy E
Barrier Height f
e
Barrier Width a lt 5 nm
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Electron Transport
Electron Tunneling Fowler Nordheim Equation
Electron energy E
Barrier Height f
e
Barrier Width a
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How does this system work as a Memory Device?
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Image Charge Attraction Device
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I-V Measurements
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Positioning the Bacterium
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Electrophoretic trapping of Bacteria
V. Berry, and R. F. Saraf, Angewandte Chemie, 44,
6668-6673, 2005 (Hot Paper) Featured in Nature,
Science News, MRS Bulletin
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Multiple bridges formed in 2 mins.
Electric Field 10 KV/cm or 1 V/mm (10
kHz) Distance between the tips of electrode 10 m
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Bacteria Dead or Alive?
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Fate of Bacteria

• Confocal microscopy (standard PI/SYTO 9 assay )
• Live Bacteria
• Gold Nanoparticle Deposited for 4 hrs.
• In 10-5 torrs Vacuum for 2 hrs.
• - alive
• - dead

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Threatened bacteria
No DI water exposure
1 h DI water exposure
2 h DI water exposure
3 h DI water exposure
Bacteria is alive
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Nanorods on Bacteria
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Nanorods (25nm X 400nm) on Bacteria
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Nanorod Nanospheres
13.5 coverage
41 coverage
15 min deposition
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On physical surface Non-percolating
4 orders of magnitude
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Bending of Nanorods
Electrostatic force of bacteria on nanorods gt 30
X 106 N/m2
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Conclusion

• Bionanotechnology Electron Tunneling device
  integrated with Bacteria
• Biology an active part of device
• Most sensitive and the fastest humidity sensor
• Bacteria a very high electrostatic-force system
• WORM memory device

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Bio-nanotechnology
Interfacing physical and biological systems
SiO2
10 mm
Electrodes
Fiber
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SiO2
Polyelectrolyte-Fiber Nanoparticle Hybrid
10 mm
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2 m fiber
1 m
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DNA Nano-Machines
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Nano-Valve
Gold Electrode
Thiol Terminated DNA
Nano-Channel
E 0
Reservoir
E gt 0
Silica
Silane Terminated DNA
Silicon
OPEN
CLOSE
I
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OPEN
Ionic Current across channel (I)
Threshold Voltage (DNA dehybridization)
CLOSE
Voltage across DNA valve (V)
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Molecular Actuated Nano-junction
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hn
D
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Azo Polyelectrolyte-Metal Particle Hybrid
Photo-isomerization State 1 Expands to
trans State 2 Contracts to cis
Electron Tunneling
e-
e-
e-
Bonded Polyelectrolyte
Silica
I
Gold Electrode
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hn
hn
Current (I)
hn
hn
Voltage V
Time (s)
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DiSSA Directed and Shielded Self Assembly
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a.
Bonded Polyelectrolyte Layer (30 nm)
Polyelectrolyte Monolayer (0.2-0.5 nm)
b.
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Concept of the Electron-Tunneling Sensor
INPUT - Laser
Azo Polymer Storing Media
hn
hn
Photo-isomerization State 1 Expands to
trans State 2 Contracts to cis
MECHANISM Electron Tunneling
e-
e-
e-
Bonded Polyelectrolyte
Percolating Deposition of Nanoparticles (Au, 20
nm)
I
Gold Electrode
Silica
OUTPUT Current (2 states)
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INPUT Gas A
Polymer A
Polymer Swells in the Presence of Gas A.
e-
OUTPUT - Current
I
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Flexible Conductor
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w
Po P(w)
Io I(w)
I(w)
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Nano-Diode Fabrication
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Step 1. Diode Device Plan
- CdS
- Au
a.

b.
c.

• Annealing process,
• Annealed device with metal-semiconductor Schottky
  diodes, separated by tunnel junctions
• Equivalent circuit

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How the diode will look
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Bacterial Battery
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Biology Integration
Bacteria w/ nanoparticles
Electrode attached to the bacteria
1.
2.
Bio-component
Nanodevice
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Biological Battery Cell
Electrodes
Live Microorganism
(-)
()
Silica Chip
Diode Device
Nutrient Solution for Bacteria
e-
Insulating Chamber
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Biological Battery Cell
Electrodes
Live Microorganism
(-)
()
Nanoparticle based Diode Device
Silica Chip
e-
Nutrient Solution for Bacteria
Insulating Chamber
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Molecular-Junction Photon-Detector
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Step 2 - Photon Detector
Reactive Red
a
Au nanoparticle
Electron Tunneling through dye
e-
Electric field
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Hn (green laser)
Reactive Red layer
e-
e-
Electric Field
Higher Tunneling Barrier
hn
Low Tunneling Barrier
e-
e-
Model for light sensor
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Nanoparticle-Based A.F.M.
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Non-Laser AFM
AFM cantilever
Side View
Electrodes
Top View
A
Piezo-electric stage
Fiber with nanoparticles
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Lithography Process
Groves made by photolithography
Silica
Polyelectrolyte
ICP etching (CF4/O2 plasma )
Polyelectrolyte
Silica
Nanoparticle deposition
Nanoparticle on Polyelectrolyte fiber
Silica