IMO activities on GHG emissions from Ships

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IMO activities on GHG emissions from Ships

• Capt. Eivind S Vagslid
• Technical Officer
• Sub-Division for Pollution Prevention
• Marine Environment Division

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IMO specialised UN agency

• London headquarters
• Secretary-General
• Efthimios E. Mitropoulos, Greece
• 168 Member States
• 51 IGOs and 66 NGOs
• Annual budget 24 M
• Secretariat 320 staff
• 50 Nationalities

Safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean
oceans!
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Application to real ships

• 47 IMO Conventions and Protocols
• Hundreds of codes, guidelines and
  recommendations
• Almost every aspect of shipping covered
• Design
• Construction
• Equipment
• Maintenance
• Crew

Safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean
oceans!
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Technical excellence human quality
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It may look like an ocean, but it really is a
highway!
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Shipping affects us all!

• 90 of world trade are carried by sea
• Raw materials and commodities
• Finished goods
• Foodstuffs
• Fuel
• Underpins global economy
• Safe, secure and environmentally friendly
  transport system

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Low cost of sea transport is a major factor in
the current globalisation and increase of world
trade
An estimated doubling in container transport by
sea in the next 7 8 years will also increase
the transport of raw materials
Increase in world trade gives positive results
for people both in developed and developing areas
of the world but also entails increased ship
emissions
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Air pollution one of the last major ship
pollutants to be regulated
Work started at IMO in the 1980s Annex VI
adopted in 1997

• Prohibits ODS in line with the Montreal Protocol
• Regulates exhaust gas emissions NOx SOx
• Greenhouse gases not covered

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CO2 emissions by different transport modes
International shipping is needed for an
environmentally sustainable development with
prosperity for all people of the globe
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Reduction of GHG from Ships

• Resolution A.719(17) adopted in 1991Recognized
  the urgent necessity of establishing a policy on
  the prevention of air pollution from ships,
  leading to the adoption of Annex VI to the MARPOL
  Convention
• Air Pollution Conference in September
  1997Resolution 8 on CO2 emissions from ships,
  invites IMO to
• co-operate with UNFCCC
• undertake a study of GHG emissions
• consider feasible GHG emissions reduction
  strategies

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IMO GHG study

• MARINTEK, Norway,
• Carnegie Mellon University, United States,
• Det Norske Veritas, Norway, and
• ECON, Center for Economic Analysis, Norway,
• Submitted to MEPC 45 (October 2000). Financed by
  Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United
  States, European Commission.
• Shipping contributed 1.8 to the world total CO2
  emissions based on figures for 1996

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GHG study Summary of conclusions

• Significant potential for reduction from
  operational measures
• - Implementation of some operational measures
  will require participation from others than
  shipowners
• Technical measures easier to implement through
  regulations
• - Implementing technical measures through new
  vessel more feasible than retrofitting existing
  ships
• - Measures related to hull, engines and
  propeller are general measures for energy
  savings
• Limited potential to prevent growth in the total
  emissions from ships if the increase in demand
  for sea-transport continues
• Shipping is a significant contributor in the
  development of
• environmental sustainable transport

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CO2 reduction potential by technical measures
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CO2 reduction potential by operational measures
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Source PAYING WITH OUR HEALTH - Pacific
Institute November 2006
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Source PAYING WITH OUR HEALTH - Pacific
Institute November 2006
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Potential for reduction from the world fleet
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Resolution A.963(23) IMO Policies and Practices
Related to the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas
Emissions from Ships, adopted on 5 December
2003 Contains actions to be taken by MEPC -
develop a work plan with timetable -
establishment of GHG baseline - develop CO2
indexing methodology Requests the IMO
Secretariat to continue the co-operation with
UNFCCC and ICAO
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Reduction of GHG from Ships
MEPC 53 (July 2005) approved IMOs Interim
Guidelines for Voluntary Ship CO2 Emission
Indexing for Use in Trials (MEPC/Circ.471) MEPC
55 (October 2006) approved a Work plan to
identify and develop the mechanisms needed to
achieve the limitation or reduction of CO2
emissions from international shipping, and
agreed to update the 2000 IMO GHG Study The First
Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the 1996
Protocol to the 1972 London Convention adopted,
on 2 November 2006, resolution LP 1(1) on
Amendments to include CO2 sequestration in
sub-seabed geological formation in Annex 1 to the
London Protocol
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Reduction of GHG from Ships
MEPC 56 agreed to a time frame and ToR for the
update of the 2000 IMO GHG Study - The Study
will be undertaken by an international
consortium of renowned research institutes -
The IMO Secretariat is currently establishing a
Steering Committee and is soliciting
contributions - The tendering process is under
way - To be submitted to MEPC 59 (July
2009) MEPC 56 established a Correspondence Group
instructed to - Compile and consider different
approaches on technical, operational and market
based measures - Present a written report to
MEPC 57 for input to the considerations in
accordance with the GHG work plan.
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Summing up

• Sea transport is an energy efficient mode of
  transport
• Size matters but is not the entire or only
  solution
• Still large potentials for technical efficiency
  improvements
• Shipowners do not make full use of available
  technological improvements Why?
• Reduction potential from operational improvements
  also requires involvement from others than the
  shipowners
• The Work Plan on GHG reduction concludes at MEPC
  59
• IMO will continue to work on reducing emissions
  from international shipping, a transport industry
  that is vital to world trade and sustainable
  development, in co-operation with the industry
  and other relevant UN organizations

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Thank you for your kind attention! For more
information, please visit our website www.imo.org