Designing for Residential

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Designing for Residential Light Commercial
Projects with Modern Insulated Siding Technology
An AIA Continuing Education Program Credit for
this course is 1 AIA/CES Learning Unit for HSW
Credit
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Hughes Associates is a Registered Provider with
The American Institute of Architects Continuing
Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of
this program will be reported to CES Records for
AIA members. Certificates of Completion for
non-AIA members are available on request. This
program is registered with the AIA/CES fir
continuing professional education. As such, it
does not include content that may be deemed or
construed to be an approval or endorsement by the
AIA of any material of construction or any method
or manner of handling, using, distributing, or
dealing in any material, methods and services
will be addressed at the conclusion of this
presentation.
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Introduction
Architects are challenged daily to design and
specify building products that help them combine
the best current technology, performance energy
efficiency to exceed the expectations of
demanding clients.
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Clients want environmentally friendly products
that are low maintenance and provide cost
effective long term performance.
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• Modern Insulated Siding products address these
  challenges and provide outstanding design options
  great product performance for the design
  professional.

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Course Learning Objectives

• Understand The History of Siding
• Define Insulated Siding Product compositions and
  performance attributes
• Visually identify sidings
• Installation of Insulated Sidings
• Understand Warranty Issues
• Divisional relationships of Insulated Siding
• Life cycle assessment of Siding Technologies

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History of Siding

• Wood
• Asbestos
• Hardboard
• OSB
• Aluminum
• Steel
• PVC
• Fiber Cement
• Modern Insulated Siding

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Wood Siding

• Oldest Technology
• Multiple Species
• Prone to deterioration and loss of structural
  integrity
• Constant maintenance, paint or stain and periodic
  replacement
• Susceptible to mildew, mold and fungus growth
• Insect damage
• Extensive flashing required to maintain water
  integrity

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Wood Siding

• Wood has been the choice for construction since
  man sharpened stones. The supply has been
  abundant and easy to shape and install. After the
  logs were cut for the sidewalks, the remaining
  pieces were layered and used on roofs and to fill
  holes and gaps. Man has also endured the problems
  with wood shakes
• Deterioration and loss of structural integrity
• Constant maintenance, paint or stain and
  replacement of damaged panels
• Susceptible to mildew, mold and fungus growth
• Insect damage
• Extensive flashing is required to maintain
  water integrity and heavily dependent on
  labor expertise.

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Asbestos

• Popular in 1940s
• First WoodAlternative
• Insect Resistant
• Heat Resistant
• Long Term Warranties
• Did not perform to expectations
• Health Hazard

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Asbestos
In the 1940s, Asbestos was the first wood
alternative that was accepted in the marketplace
and was used in many products for its
outstanding insect and heat resistant qualities.
Asbestos mineral shingles and sidings were very
popular and promoted with long term warranted
performance, The most popular asbestos siding
were formed and designed for a wood-shake
appearance. Asbestos sidings were produced with
non-friable asbestos which would not crumble,
abrade or otherwise release fibers into the air.
Unfortunately, even before the health hazards of
friable asbestos became front page news with
litigation against Johns Manville, Celotex and
Owens Corning, asbestos siding products did not
perform as advertised. They faded quickly,
absorbed moisture and were poor insulators.
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Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

• Thermoplastic
• Introduced in 1950s
• Low Impact Resistance
• Color Through
• Low Maintenance
• Long Term Warranties
• Vinyl Siding

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Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) is a versatile and
widely used thermoplastic in many formulations
included rigid PVC. PVC products were initially
introduced in the late 50s and early 60s, but
the early technology was expensive and the
products exhibited problems with brittleness and
color retention. Improvements in technology and
extrusion techniques lowered the cost and
extruded horizontal vinyl siding became the
dominant choice for exterior cladding and today
has a market share exceeding 40.
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Polyvinyl (PVC) Extruded
The PVC is co-extruded and pulled through dies to
shape the pliable PVC. The product is then
immersed in water to cool. The product is cut to
length and boxed. PVC products are color through
the panels and have good resistance to chemicals
. They have a low temperature threshold of 159
and are more prone to exhibit heat distortion.
PVC will also produce carbon monoxide when
burned.
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Hardboard

• Introduced in 1960s
• Dominate Market Share for 20 Years
• Wood Fibers Resins
• Tempered Manufacturing Process
• Did Not Perform To Expectations
• Multiple Performance Problems
• National Class Action Lawsuits

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Hardboard
Hardboard is a composite of wood fibers bonded
with resins formed into a particular pattern or
shape under heat and pressure. It may be tempered
or standard. The tempered process will produce a
denser product with higher moisture resistance.
Hardboard is available in numerous profiles such
as lap siding, shingles, or panel forms.
Hardboard may be embossed with many different
surface finishes from smooth to a heavy texture
to simulate wood grain or even stucco with a
primed or factory pre-finish.
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Hardboard

• The majority of product problems and subsequent
  class action lawsuits were due to their
  susceptibility to moisture damage either due to
  inherent product deficiencies or improper
  installation. Unsealed cut edges, overdriven nail
  heads and inadequate finish coatings all
  contribute to the absorption of moisture that
  caused the material to swell and/or deteriorate.
• Proper installation and maintenance are critical
  to the functional life of this material. Once
  deterioration or decay occurs, it cannot be
  corrected other than by material replacement.

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Hardboard
Peeling in hardboard is often due to poor
maintenance of the coated surface. It generally
originates at butt joints and drip edges. Water
contact directly with bare hardboard in these
areas eventually penetrates into the board to
repeatedly permeate and expand the compressed
wood fibers in the board. The swelling process is
irreversible, resulting in delamination of both
the paint film and the board. Hardboards are
still available in the market in spite of
dramatic market share losses and litigation. The
number of producers are limited and warranties
are clearly written to protect manufacturers from
litigation due to lack of homeowner maintenance.

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Oriented Strand Board

• Created in late 1970s
• Evolved from wafer board
• Engineered from oriented, non random long wood
  strands
• Multiple Performance Problems
• Class Action Lawsuits

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OSB Manufacturing Process

• Oriented Strand Board (OSB) is an engineered,
  mat-formed panel product made of strands, flakes
  or wafers sliced from small diameter, round wood
  logs and bonded with an exterior-type binder
  under heat and pressure.
• OSB sidings consist of layered mats. Exterior or
  surface layers are composed of strands aligned in
  the long panel direction inner-layers consist of
  cross or randomly-aligned strands. These large
  mats are then subjected to intense heat and
  pressure to become a "master" panel and are cut
  to size.

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OSB Manufacturing Process

• Strand dimensions are predetermined and have a
  uniform thickness. The majority of Structural
  Board Association (SBA) member mills use a
  combination of strands up to 6" (150mm) long and
  1" (25mm) wide.
• OSB's strength comes mainly from the
  uninterrupted wood fiber, interweaving of the
  long strands or wafers, and degree of orientation
  of strands in the surface layers. Waterproof and
  boil proof resin binders are combined with the
  strands to provide internal strength, rigidity
  and moisture resistance.

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Oriented Strand Board
OSB sidings are still available in the market in
spite of dramatic market share losses and
litigation. The number of producers are limited
and warranties are clearly written to protect
manufacturers from litigation due to lack of
homeowner maintenance.
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Aluminum

• Created in 1947
• Recycled Content
• May Qualify for LEED
• Baked Enamel Finish Surface
• Not Color Through
• Low Impact Resistance
• Long Term Warranty

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Aluminum Cladding
In North America, aluminum facades have been
popular for residential buildings since the
1950s. Original aluminum siding appeared on
houses in the late 1950s as a retrofit product
utilized to cover existing wall materials. The
primary advantage of aluminum is the that the
material is highly chemical resistant, rigid and
lightweight. It also has a low rate of dilation,
contraction and condensation. Extremely stable,
durable and thermal efficient, they are
waterproof and among the easiest sidings to
handle. They come in a wide range of colors and
textures and are warranted for as long as 40
years.
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Aluminum Cladding

• However, like most metals, aluminum does present
  some disadvantages. It will dent easily and is a
  good conductor of electricity that may prove to
  be dangerous when a wall area comes into contact
  with electrical wiring. Replacing or repairing a
  damaged area of the siding is very difficult due
  to the panel locking mechanism.
• Cleaning aluminum siding is quite easy with a
  power washed light bleach solution. Cleaning
  should be done once a year. Painting aluminum
  siding must be done with care, one should use
  100 acrylic latex paint for aluminum siding,
  this paint will provide great performance

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Fiber Cement

• Made From Cement, pulp fiber, sand water
• Developed in Europe in the early 1900s
• Labor Intensive
• Zero Flame Spread
• Termite Insect Resistant
• Moisture Problems-Low Perm Rating
• Poor Windload Performance

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Fiber Cement Production Process
Fiber cement siding is produced from a mixture of
cement, sand, and cellulosic fibers. The
manufacturing of fiber cement siding utilizes
autoclaving, a high temperature steam curing
process, to increase strength and dimensional
stability. The cellulosic fibers are added to the
mixture to prevent cracking. Fiber cement siding
is manufactured in layers forming a sheet of the
desired thickness. A wood grain is imprinted onto
the surface at the time the uncured product is
lifted by an accumulator roll and cut into
individual sections, or in a separate high
pressure molding process immediately after the
product is cut.
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Fiber Cement
Fiber cement is available in several profiles and
a large color palette. One option is horizontal
lap siding, which includes profiles such as
Dutchlap, beaded, and traditional clapboard.
Shaped fiber cement siding is available as
shingles, half rounds, octagons, and random
squares. Vertical siding options include a
traditional stucco appearance, smooth or cedar
(either without vertical grooves or with regular
interval grooves.) Fiber-cement siding holds
paint well, usually 7-15 years. Some
manufacturers make their siding available
pre-primed or pre-finished. The siding must be
thoroughly clean and dry and must have adequate
time to dry. Dirt and mildew may adhere to flat
paint. Satin topcoats have a higher chance of
looking blotchy than flat ones, so thorough
priming is critical. Oil-based primers are not
recommended, but oil-based topcoats are
acceptable over latex primers. Prolonged surface
exposure to water causes degradation, so it is
important to paint your siding within 90 days of
installation.
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Fiber Cement
Fiber cement products are heavy and difficult to
install due to ease of breakage at the edges.
They lack the detailing depth and shadow lines of
other cladding products and have to be carefully
primed on edges and overlaps painted and
repainted regularly and lack the depth and shadow
lines of PVC and PP shake panels. They are also
comprised of 50-80 crystalline silica which is a
known carcinogenic when breathable dust from
installation is inhaled. Fiber Cement also have a
low Perm Rating and are more likely to contribute
to an environment conducive to the creation of
mold. The back of fiber cement products must be
left unprimed to allow moisture to dissipate due
to low permeability. Fiber cement will absorb
retain moisture.
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Steel

• Introduced in late 1940s
• PVC Surface
• Class A Fire Rating
• Insect Repellent
• Low Maintenance
• Wide Color Palette
• High Impact Resistance
• Long Term Warranty

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Steel

• Steel siding is a low maintenance siding
  product. It will not rot, flake, crack or chip
  imitates "wood look" more naturally, hides wall
  imperfections and requires no painting. Steel
  siding has a clean rigid appearance, is
  non-combustible and requires no maintenance
  except for periodic cleaning. The disadvantages
  of steel is that it is more expensive than vinyl
  or aluminum and can dent if hit hard enough and
  will show scratches. Most siding is 29 gauge and
  weighs less than hardboard or most other types of
  siding. It has an extremely high tensile strength
  and is galvanized on both sides to prevent
  rusting.

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Modern Insulated Siding Physical Properties

• Laminated Substrates
• Expanded Polystyrene
• High Impact Hail Resistant
• Energy Saving R Value-ENERGY STAR
• Sound Deadening
• Termite Resistant
• High Permeability-Reduces Mold Mildew
• Fire Retardant

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Insulated Siding Lamination

• 1 Density Virgin Grade Expanded Polystyrene
• Aged R Value of up to 5
• High PSI Rating
• Termite Resistant Mineral Additive
• Fire Retardant Additive
• Perm Rating of 5
• Green Building Technology
• Contains no CFCs, HCFCs or formaldehyde

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Modern Insulated Siding Performance
Characteristics

• Insulated siding laminated to PVC will provide
  impact, hail and durability comparable to
  hardboard and fiber cement cladding

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Modern Insulated Siding Performance
Characteristics

• EPS Lamination will add an R of up to 5 and
  provide a thermal envelope to address the 25
  left without insulation with typical OSB/Plywood
  wall systems.
• R value can be added to comply with IRC
  Simplified Building Envelope Calculations,
  Section N1102.

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Modern Insulated Siding Performance
Characteristics

• Insulated Siding will provide sound deadening
  and provide an additional STC Rating. A typical
  2 x 4 wall with R-13 batt will have an STC of
  37.

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Modern Insulated Siding Performance
Characteristics

• Insulated Siding has a termite resistant
  additive made from naturally occurring boron. It
  is non-toxic and deters termites. It should be
  used in conjunction with a total insect
  management program.

Without Pest Repellent
With Pest Repellent
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Modern Insulated Siding Performance
Characteristics

• Insulated siding provides maximum permeability
  and wall systems that breath. Thermal siding
  has a built in moisture management system that
  provides easy egress for any moisture that may
  enter the wall system.

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Modern Insulated Siding Performance
Characteristics

• Insulated siding laminated to PVC is designed to
  perform well in fire situations. Fire testing has
  confirmed that when exterior walls with thermal
  siding are exposed to a radiant heat source (as
  from a nearby burning building) and from open
  flame. The expanded polystyrene used in insulated
  siding is manufactured containing a fire
  retardant that reduces the product's contribution
  to a fire. When exposed to an open flame or a
  high radiant heat source, the EPS simply melts
  and sags away from the source of heat.

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Modern Insulated Siding Performance
Characteristics

• In addition, insulated siding completely fills
  the hollow void that exists behind hollow back
  vinyl and aluminum siding products. Since there
  are no air pockets, insulated siding eliminates
  the "chimney effect" that can contribute to the
  flammability of other siding systems.
• Insulated siding will meet the national
  building codes requiring foam plastic insulation
  used in the walls of residential construction to
  have a flame spread of not more than 75 and a
  smoke developed of not more than 450. Insulated
  siding will meet UL and ASTM E119 as part of a
  one-hour wall system.

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Insulated Siding Accessories
Universal starter strip
3 3/4" Outside Corner Post 1 1/4 Opening
J-Channel 1 1/4" Opening
Window/Door Surround
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Material Cost Comparison
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Life Cycle Assessment of Siding Technologies for
10 Years
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Installation Techniques

• Use Solid Substrate
• Use proper accessories
• Use weather resistant barrier per code
• Follow manufacturers installation guidelines

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Basic Installation Guidelines
Insulated siding is rigid and may be used over
any code compliant sheathing product in new
construction or renovation. Insulated siding will
float most substrate imperfections. Furring
strips may also be used to provide a nailable
surface. A 3/4 stud penetration is recommended
with flathead galvanized or aluminum roofing
nails. Each thermal siding manufacturer may have
different guidelines and strict adherence should
be specified and enforced. Use of proper
accessories is vital to achieve the long-term
warranted performance from thermal siding.
Insulated siding will provide an excellent water
resistant cladding when proper accessories are
specified and detailed.
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Basic Installation Guidelines

• A code approved weather resistant barrier should
  be used to protect the substrate. Panel
  configurations mandate different installation
  techniques to assume the proper alignment to hide
  or minimize seams and ensure water and air
  infiltration integrity.

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Warranties

• Manufacturer warranty
• Contractors warranty

It is critical to understand the difference
between the manufacturers and a contractors
warranty. In addition to the great aesthetics
and low-maintenance of Insulated Siding,
manufacturers warranties are an important reason
for their selection. Due to the differences in
formulation and color retention, each
manufacturers warranty may have important
differences that may be critical to your
clients.
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Warranty Questions

• How long is product warranted to original
  purchaser what is covered?
• Is the warranty transferable?
• Does the warranty prorate after transfer?
• Is coverage based on initial purchase price or
  actual replacement cost?

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Divisional Relationships of Insulated Sidings

• Sheathing-Section 06 16 00
• Weather Resistant Barriers 07 27 00

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Sheathing Section 06 16 00

• The rigidity of Insulated Siding allows the use
  of any code compliant sheathing. The high
  permeability of Insulated Siding encourages a
  wall system with insulated sheathing products

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Weather Resistive Barriers Section 07 27 00

• The high permeability of Insulated Siding works
  well with any code compliant weather resistant
  barrier

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Additional Information
Insulated Siding is manufactured with a patented
process by Progressive Foam Technologies. The
result is an extraordinary siding that
outperforms any cladding available in the
marketplace. Insulated siding products are
available worldwide from numerous vinyl siding
manufacturers and are available through an
extensive distribution network. Complete
information is available at 800-860-3626 or by
visiting www.fullback.com.
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Hughes Associates

• Our mission is to serve the architectural
  design community
• Contact us first for any assistance
• Thank you for your time and participation in this
  AIA CE course
• Please complete the test beginning at the next
  slide and you will receive 1 HSW LU based on a
  75 score

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Test Questions

• 1. What was the first composition for siding?
• Fiber Cement
• Vinyl
• Wood
• 2. What siding composition from the 1940s was
  removed from the marketplace and created major
  legal actions?
• Vinyl
• Asbestos
• Fiber Cement

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Test Questions

• 3. Which siding composition typically requires
  the most maintenance?
• Wood
• Insulated Siding
• Fiber Cement
• 4. Which siding composition requires NO painting?
• Insulated Siding
• Fiber Cement
• Wood
• 5. Which siding composition is health hazard and
  known carcinogenic when dust is created during
  installation?
• Fiber Cement
• Insulated Siding
• Wood

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Test Questions

• 6. Which siding composition has the lowest perm
  rating and is more likely to trap moisture that
  can create mold and mildew problems?
• Wood
• Insulated Siding
• Fiber Cement
• 7. Which composition has the highest original
  installation cost according to R. S. Means?
• Wood
• Insulated Siding
• Fiber Cement

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Test Questions

• 8. Should a weather resistance barrier be
  installed with Insulated Siding?
• Yes
• No
• 9. What is the recommended sheathing for
  Insulated Siding?
• Extruded Polystyrene
• Polyisoanurate
• OSB or Plywood
• Any of the above

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Test Questions

• 10. Which additional 2004 Masterformat section is
  commonly referenced with Insulated Siding?
• Division 8-Openings
• Division 6-Sheathings
• Division 4-Masonry
• 11. Which application would you NOT use Insulated
  Siding?
• Full Home
• Gables
• Dormers
• Wainscot
• None of the above

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Test Questions

• 12.Which siding composition will provide the best
  life cycle analysis performance?
• Fiber Cement
• Insulated Siding
• Wood
• 13. Can Insulated Siding be used in a One-Hour
  Rated Wall Assembly?
• Yes
• No

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Test Questions

• 14. Which siding will add significant R value
  to a wall
  system?
• Fiber Cement
• Insulated Siding
• Wood
• 15. Which siding will provide the best warranty
  for long term performance?
• Fiber Cement
• Insulated Siding
• Wood

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Hughes Associates

• You may fax your test score to 901.414.2360 with
  you AIA number or e-mail to info_at_hughesspec.com
  and we will submit for credit and forward a
  Certificate of Completion ASAP

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Glossary

• Accessories Components used to install, cover
  exposed product edges and complete installation
• Course- A horizontal strip of cladding material
• Embossing-Pattern molded or rolled into panels
• EPS Expanded polystyrene is made from styrene
  monomer and hydrocarbon blowing agents. Molecules
  of styrene monomer are linked together to form
  the polymer called polystyrene. It is a
  closed-cell foam insulation

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Glossary

• Exposure-The exposed width of each siding panel
  after installation
• Finish- Refers to the texture and/or gloss level
• Lock- Where siding panels lock together
• Nail Hem- The panel top where the panels are
  nailed to the substrate
• Polymers- A compound consisting of molecular
  chains formed from monomers occurring as
  repetitive building blocks

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Glossary

• Polyolefin- A generic term for cress-linkable
  thermo set polymers

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Glossary

• Polyvinylchloride (PVC)- This versatile and
  widely used thermoplastic has many formulations,
  including rigid PVC, flexible plasticized PVC,
  plastisols and organisols made via emulsion
  processes. Most PVC is used in building and
  construction industries for pipe, siding and
  window glazing. PVC is limited due to heat
  resistance of only 150-175 degrees Fahrenheit
• Resin- The base material in a plastic compound
• Shadow Line- The shadow pattern cast by the panel
• Square- A unit of measurement for siding products
  e.g. one square of siding-100 sq.ft
• Starter Strip- A concealed component to receive
  the first course of siding
• Weatherization- Photochemical degradation of
  materials caused by the UV degradation, water and
  air born particulate