NEPTUNE PROGRAM: RECENT PROGRESS

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A network of interactive submarine laboratories
for real-time, 4-dimensional Ocean and Earth
science research and education.
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The Vision of NEPTUNE Enable routine, real-time
interactions between land-based scientists
and 1000s of submarine, robot-sensor
arrays. The Goal of NEPTUNE Detect and
quantify change in Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric
processes.
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Power and Bandwidth throughout a major portion
of the marine environment Primary Cable
Greater Seattle
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The quality of life on Earth is largely
dependent on a suite of poorly understood,
complexly interacting processes operating within
the global ocean basins. One of the great
challenges of 21st century is the quest for
deeper understanding of how our planet functions.

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The opportunity in this quest is to optimize the
benefits, and to mitigate the risks, implicit in
life on a planet dominated by two basic energy
sources Thermal energy from within, Solar
energy from without... With human beings in
between. This is what NEPTUNE is about.
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NEPTUNE will deliver continuous real-time
physical, chemical, biological sensing at all
relevant scales.
SCIENTIFIC DIVERSITY and COMPLEXITY
GLOBAL CHANGE AND CARBON CYCLING AIR-SEA EXCHANGE
PROCESSES POLLUTION ISSUES NEAR SHORE COASTAL
OCEAN DYNAMICS FORMATION OF METAL/ENERGY
DEPOSITS MAJOR EARTHQUAKE ORIGINS ERUPTING
SUBMARINE VOLCANOES UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES -
TSUNAMIS MARINE BIODIVERSITY ECO-GENOMICS IN THE
OCEAN PHYTO- ZOOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY FISH
STOCK HEALTH, BIOMASS, AND MIGRATION PHARMACEUTICA
LS FROM THE SEA MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH MICROBES
FROM BELOW THE SEAFLOOR ASTROBIOLOGICAL
APPLICATIONS
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Images source Marit Jentoft-Nilsen, NASA GSFC
Visualization and Analysis Lab, based on data
from Sietse Los, University of Wales
Strictly Surface Information
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THE GLOBAL OCEAN IS THE ENVIRONMENTAL FLYWHEEL
OF OUR PLANET.
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Project Columbia ROMS
Computer at NASA Advanced Supercomputing
Facility Ranked 2 Supercomputer in the
world 20 interconnected SGI Altix
512-processor systems a total of 10,240 Intel
Itanium 2 processors Pacific basin-scale ROMS
(1520x1088x30) 12.5-km horizontal resolutions
30 vertical layers 50-year (1950-2000)
integration
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Life on Planet Earth
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Life on Planet Earth
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Life on Planet Earth
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http//www.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/earth/environ/carbon
/carbon.htm
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About half of all CO2 emitted due to burning of
fossil fuels has ended up in the oceans
Sabine et al., 2004, Science 305367-371.
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The Ocean Breathes CO
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Biological Pump
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Without the biological pump, atmospherical levels
of CO would be even higher
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How do we sample members of the biological pump?
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IMAGES FROM GEOMAR
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WHAT ARE THE LIMITS TO LIFE?
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SENSORBOT SCENARIO
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NEPTUNE PROGRAMRECENT PROGRESS

• 1998 NOPP grant for feasibility study
• 1998 Contact Canadians
• 1998-2000 Major workshops design activities
• 2000 Publish Feasibility Study
• 2000 Start NEPTUNE Consortium (UW led, JPL,
  MBARI, WHOI, Uvic)
• 2000 NSF MRI funds for communications design,
  2M
• 2001 NSF MRI funds for power design, 2M
• 2001 Keck funds obtained for Proto
  Observatory Experiments
• 2001 MREFC proposed centered on NEPTUNE
• 2001 MARS Testbed proposed
• 2002 MREFC approved by NSB

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NEPTUNE PROGRAMRECENT PROGRESS

• 2002 NEPTUNE Canada proposed using our NEPTUNE
  designs
• 2002 MARS testbed funded at MBARI for 10M
  (NSF and Packard)
• 2003 NE Pacific site selected by oceanographic
  community
• 2003 Many Workshops
• 2003 NEPTUNE Canada funded at 62.4M
• 2004 Major meeting, ORION initiated, 340 people
• 2004 NSF ORION office formed (Washington D.C.
• 2004 Award of 4.0 M for ITR work on NEPTUNE
  (Lazowska, Johnson)
• 2005 OOI moved to first line on MREFC budget
  for 2007 funding start

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Ocean Observatories Initiative
Basic Infrastructure Network providing high
bandwidth communications and electrical power
Three primary components Global-scale moored
buoy systems Regional-scale seafloor fiber optic
cable system Coastal observatories Cyberinfrastr
ucture will allow users to remotely control their
instruments, perform in-situ experiments,
construct virtual observatories, and access data
in near-real-time
The OOI will provide the ability to investigate
processes at the scales at which they occur
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OOI-IOOS-International Links
The research-driven OOI is part of a broader
national and international effort to establish a
global ocean observing system, both for
conducting basic research and for operational
oceanographic needs.
OOI will provide the key enabling research for
IOOS, fundamental advances in observatory
platforms and sensor technology, and a basic
understanding of ocean processes. Enable IOOS to
meet its long-term operational goals. IOOS
will provide a larger framework of operational
observations and background data necessary for
interpreting the process-oriented experiments of
the OOI. Academic researchers will play pivotal
roles in both systems.
Both IOOS and OOI are essential components of a
broader national and international effort to
establish a global Earth observing system Global
Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS)
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ORION OOI Relationship
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Global Array
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Global Array - possible sites
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Coastal Array
Pioneer Arrays Relocatable arrays for
process-oriented studies
Endurance Arrays Fixed, permanent observing
array arranged as cross-shelf lines and
individual moorings
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Coastal Array - possible sites
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Three components - NSFs Ocean Observatory Program
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Regional Cabled Observatory
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Regional Cabled Observatory
A schematic ocean mooring for physical and
biogeochemical (optical) measurements, for use on
a cabled ocean observatory Extending the power
and communications capabilities throughout the
water column
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MARS Cabled Observatory Testbed
a platform for scientists and engineers to
experiment with components of a cabled observing
system, an environment for testing new types of
seafloor sensors the infrastructure to test
and develop educational tools, management
testbed, and real-time access to data using the
internet for observation and study of the marine
environment.
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Expanding the Footprint
ROV
AUV
Gliders
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Ocean Observatories Initiative
MREFC Account Agency-wide capital asset
account Funding for major science and
engineering infrastructure (10s-100s of
M) Established in FY 1995 Lifecycle of an
MREFC Request ?Project proposed ?Directors
approval and the MREFC Panel ?National Science
Board approval ?Placed in a NSF budget request to
OMB (fall) ?Presidents Budget Appropriation
Approval
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NSF FY06 Budget
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PEP Baseline Reviews and OOI Phasing
Baseline reviews
PROJECT BASELINE Firm definition of the
projects technical scope, budget, requirements,
execution schedule, management plan, and risk
assessment. Provides a reference level for change.
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NSF FY06 Budget
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Time present and time past Are both present in
time future, And time future contained in time
past. If all time is eternally present All time
is unredeemable. What might have been is an
abstraction Remaining a perpetual
possibility Only in a world of speculation. What
might have been and what HAS been Point to one
end, which is always present. T S
Eliot, Four Quartets 1943