Instructor E-Sources PowerPoint

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Instructor E-SourcesPowerPoint Presentation
Chapter 12From Pearl Harbor through the 1960s
Texas at Midcentury

• The History of Texas
• Harlan Davidson, Inc.

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Learning Outcomes (12)

• appreciate the role that Texas played in World
  War II,
• understand how why World War II dramatically
  changed the state,
• cite key reasons for the rise of the civil rights
  movements,
• comprehend the impact of the war in social
  cultural dimensions.

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Chapter 12 Texas at Midcentury

• Texans in World War II
• Background
• Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
• State support for War
• Major Texas heroes
• Audie Murphy
• Chester Nimitz
• Oveta Culp Hobby
• Armed Forces Participation
• 750,000 (12,000 women)
• Minority discrimination
• Black Texans demand equality
• Texas military posts expand

Marine volunteers
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Texas at Midcentury

• Texas World War II
• Wartime industrial expansion
• Coming of the steel industry
• Home front
• Labor premium
• Bracero program with Mexico
• Women black industrial workers
• Wartime patriotism
• Politics during WW II
• Conservative political financial policy
• Factionalism the Texas Regulars

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Home Front
Judy Garland Parade, San Antonio
Nurses, Brooke General Hospital, Ft. Sam Houston
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Texas Economic Life

• Texas Industrialization
• Post war expansion
• Oil natural gas business
• Big Inch and Little Inch
• Offshore drilling
• Question of offshore drilling rights?
• Port of Houston expands
• Military bases defense industries
• Truman, the Cold War and NSC-68
• Texas Bank resources expand to meet oil industry
  needs
• Transportation cheap gas, cars, tires
• Federal Interstate Highway system
• Air passenger traffic

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Texas Economic Life

• Texas workers urban growth 20 growth rate
• Houston close to 1m by 1960
• Changing demographic patterns
• Urban migration leave the old folks at home
• Growth of segregated suburbs
• Subdivisions (master-planned communities)
• Impact of school desegregation
• Texas Mexican African American communities
  transformed
• Increase in middle-class Tejanos
• Overall, however, lower wages than Anglos
• Blacks hampered by lack of working capital
• Increase in women working
• Labor Unions state remains hostile
• Taft-Hartley
• Impact of the Red Scare
• Family farms transformed
• Mechanization
• Agribusiness

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Texas Economic Life
Recruiters attempt to hire Texan Mexicans for
migrant farm work, 1949
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Texas Society Culture at Midcentury

• The Texas Family
• Health care improves
• Virtual elimination of polio, TB, whooping cough
• Mosquito control becomes a science
• The widespread use of A/C
• Family structure the Baby Boom
• Rising divorce rate
• Decrease in family size
• End of Baby Boom, 1960

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Education Reform

• Texas Schools
• Demand for better public education
• Gilmer-Aiken laws reorganization
• Hoohah over passage
• Increase in base teacher pay and training
  requirements
• Increase in school year to 175 days
• Overhaul of state board of education
• State funding tied to attendance
• Consolidation of rural school districts
  (consolidated districts)
• Inadequate funding a problem (even to this day)

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Texas Society Culture at Midcentury

• Texas Schools Higher Education
• Growth industry
• G.I. Bill of Rights
• National Defense Education Act (NDEA) response
  to Sputnik
• Community colleges expand
• TSU and Lamar State College
• The fight to end segregation
• Texas Mexicans
• American G.I. Forum and Dr. Hector Garcia
• Delgado v. Bastrop Independent School District
  (1948)
• Little School of the 400
• Texas African Americans
• NAACP challenges admission policies
• Sweatt v. Painter
• Impact of Brown v. Board decision in Texas
  foot-dragging riot in Mansfield games in Houston

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Texas Society Culture at Midcentury

• Middle-class values
• Consensus conformity
• White elites control community power
• Religion
• Protestant roots
• Membership expanding n 1950s
• The electronic church
• Leisure Activities
• The rise of tourism
• Sports world collegiate professional
• Hunting fishing

Purchasing a shotgun, hunting enthusiast
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Texas Society Culture at Midcentury

• Cultural Activities
• The Arts
• Historic preservation
• Music symphony, opera, jazz,
• blues, country /western
• Historical scholarship
• Texas writers
• A new audience
• More cosmopolitan heterogeneous population
• Larry McMurtrys Texas

Mance Lipscomb
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The Cold War In Texas

• Dies and ODaniels laid the groundwork
• Antiunion laws
• Who lost China, Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs
• Many Americans convinced Communist menace was
  real and here among us
• Minute Women and G.W. Ebey
• Homer Price Rainey and the University of Texas
  vs. Govs Stevenson and Jester

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Key Words Terms (12)

• Americo Paredes
• Hernandez v. the State of Texas
• Henry B. Gonzalez
• Heman Sweatt/ Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
• Brown v. Topeka Board of Education (1954)
• Red Scare/McCarthyism
• John Henry Faulk
• Lamar Hunt/"Bud" Adams (AFL)
• Clint Murchison, Jr. (NFL)
• Tom Landry/Dallas Cowboys
• "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias 
• Buddy Holly
• E. M. "Buck" Schiwetz
• Amado Pena
• Luis Jimenez
• Willie Nelson
• Larry McMurtry

• Audie Murphy
• Dwight David Eisenhower 
• Chester A. Nimitz 
• Oveta Culp Hobby 
• Doris Miller 
• bracero program 
• Gilmer-Aikin Laws of 1949 
• Sputnik--launch reaction
• G. I. Bill of Rights/Senator Ralph Yarborough 
• Dr. Hector P. Garcia/American G. I. Forum
• Felix Z. Longoria
• Alonso S. Perales 
• J. T. Canales
• George I. Sanchez 
• Carlos E. Castaneda
• Delgado v. Bastrop Independent School District
  (1948)