Joslyn Castle Institute

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FAC. Of ENV. DESIGN, UNIV. OF
CALGARY Calgary, Canada
26 March 2007
DESIGN and PLANNING STRATEGIES for
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Building Scale to
Regional Planning Scale
Joslyn Castle Institute for sustainable
communities
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JCIs Mission
Joslyn Castle Institute
Education for sustainability Facilitate
capacity for interdependent problem solving
Provide forums to encourage participation in
the development process Initiate community
visioning Demonstrate sustainability
principles on a project-by-project basis
Cultivate community leadership
Omaha, Nebraska
www.ecospheres.com
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FOOTPRINTS OF CONSUMPTION
(FOOD PRODUCTION 1.8 acres/cap. available 0.6
est. avail. 2050)
(9.5 hect. x 2.47 23.5 acres/person)
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Environmental Impactof Buildings

• 65.2 of total U.S. electricity consumption 1
• gt 36 of total U.S. primary energy use 2
• 30 of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions 3
• 136 million tons of construction and demolition
  waste in the U.S. (approx. 2.8 lbs/person/day) 4
• 12 of potable water in the U.S. 5
• 40 (3 billion tons annually) of raw materials
  use globally 6
• Commercial and residential, reUSGBC

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LAND, waiting for a higher and better use ??
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WATER quality, quantity availability of
ground water
relationships between ground water and
surface water impacts of
changing meteorological
conditions competition for
potable water jurisdictional disputes
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ENERGY
REGIONAL ENERGY POLICY
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MATERIALS
Conservation Re-use Energy efficiency
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FOOD Quantity Quality Safety
Production Economics Local/Urban Markets
Environ. Protection Water Conservation Land
Conservation Energy Consumption Community
Family Lifestyle Technologies Public
Policies
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60 mile radius of Omaha
1. COORDINATED PLANNING
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60 mi radius of Lincoln
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AIAs 10 Livability Principles

• 1. Design on a Human Scale
• 2. Provide Choices
• 3. Encourage Mixed-Use Development
• 4. Preserve Urban Centers
• 5. Vary Transportation Options
• 6. Build Vibrant Public Spaces
• 7. Create a Neighborhood Identity
• 8. Protect Environmental Resources
• 9. Conserve Landscapes
• 10. Design Matters

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3. ANNUAL INDICATORS
economic
socio-cultural
public policy
sustainable planning
environmental
technological
Five Domains of Sustainable Development (E/STEP)
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3. ANNUAL INDICATORS
economic
socio-cultural
public policy
sustainable planning
environmental
technological
Five Domains of Sustainable Development (E/STEP)
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KEY URBAN INDICATORS - Measures of
SustainabilityI. Environmental

• Access to potable water/change in pollution
• Rate of consumption of water
• Percentage of wastewater treated
• Air quality
• Solid waste generated
• Disposal methods for solid waste
• Volume of recycled material
• Housing/buildings destroyed
• Park land per capita and access/trails,
  greenspace
• Area of farm and open land used for development
• Land use

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URBAN INDICATORS (cont.)II. Socio-Cultural

• City Population (demographics)
• Growth (decline) rate
• Average household size/woman headed households
• Affordable housing deficiency (surplus)
• AIDS/other infectious diseases
• Number of hospital beds/medical staff
• Child mortality rates
• Welfare/unemployment rates
• School classrooms/at the edges, center
• Crime rates
• Ethnic populations/location/neighborhoods
• Housing density patterns

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URBAN INDICATORS (cont.)III. Technologies

• Energy sources
• Energy consumption rates
• Miles of roadway, type, surface, maintenance
  cycles
• Public modes of transportation
• Travel time and distance to employment
• Automobile ownership/annual sales
• Miles per ton of food and household essentials
  (energy)
• Household infrastructure connection levels
• Volume of recycled construction material used
• Digital connections/public access
• Airline transportation and passenger service

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URBAN INDICATORS (cont.)IV. Economics

• Household formation rate
• Income distribution
• City product per person
• Local/absentee business ownership
• Households below poverty line/median income
• Informal employment
• Urban/regional GDP
• Tax rates
• Public expenditures/infrastructure, services
• Imports/Exports
• Regional, national, international trading
  networks/value

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URBAN INDICATORS (cont.)V. Public Policies

• Economic development
• Distribution of public funds/equity
• Public indebtedness/debt service budgeting
• Health, safety and welfare expenditures
• Growth management
• Environmental protection
• Transparent government
• Civic leadership development
• Public/private partnerships
• Use of sustainability indicators
• Visioning process/participatory planning

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FLATWATER METROPLEX CHARRETTES
An urban core environment A near-center
district A rural conservation development
A failed big-box shopping center The
Omaha/Lincoln I-80 corridor A community in
the growth path
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economic
public policy
socio-cultural
rural/urban sustainable communities
environmental
technological
The Five Domains of Sustainable Development
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Green District
Sub-area Plan
Public Facilities
Development Coalition
Urban Village

• Green Spaces

Safe Streets
Walkability Bikeability
Locally Owned Businesses
District Identity
Affordable Housing
Multi-modal Trans.
City Incentives
WIFI Access
Drake Court District Omaha, Ne.
District Energy System
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Public Art
Economic Statutes
Overlay Zones
No-build Zones
Nebraska Blueprint
Green Zones
Information System
Landscape Plans/ Corridor
Devel. Tax
Landscape Plans/ Interchanges
Interchange Devel. Plans
Multi-modal Trans.
Devel. Councils

• Uniform Signage

I-80 CORRIDOR Lincoln to Omaha, Ne
WIFI Access
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Sub-area Plan
Eco. Incentives
Mixed use Mall
Urban Village Plan
Civic Activity Center
Public Parks
Housing/ Street
Walkable District
Economic Incentives
Convert Parking Lot
Eco. Devel. Council
Transit System
Attract Regional Developer

• WIFI Access

FREMONT SHOPPING MALL Fremont, Ne .
District Energy System
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Sub-area Plan
Services Plan
Food Marketing
Devel. Incentives
Community Food Plan
Env. Survey
Citizen Support
Village Plan
Micro-Eco Coops.
No-build Zones
Rural/Urban Links
Multi-modal Trans.

• Local Ownerships

WIFI Access
Low-Tech Methods
CONSERVATION COMMUNITY Bennington, Ne.
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Green by Design
Market Pl.Coalition
Emphasis to Intersecting Nodes/Greeng
Mixed Uses Plan
Civic, Art Facilities
Urban Landscaping
Civic Plaza
Pedestrian Shopping Street
Affordable Housing

• E./W. Anchors

Micro.Econ. Program
Multi-modal Trans.
Econ.Devel.Coalition
Automated Info. Ctr.
WIFI Access
URBAN CORE P Street, Lincoln, Ne.
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Sub-area Plan
Revised Comp.Plan
Ashlands Vision
Green Protections
Heritage Facilities
Env. Assets
Mixed Uses Plan
No-build Zones
Urban Village
Green Spaces
Econ.Devel. Coalition

• Multi-modal Trans.

Econ.Devel.Inventives
Alt. Energy Systems
WIFI Access
GROWTH COMMUNITY Ashland, Ne
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Research Directions

• Environment reuse, recycle, restore (systems,
  composites, net energy required)
• Socio-cultural buildings as components of
  sustainable communities affordability cultural
  identities, continuities
• Technologies impact and uses of digital
  technologies mass customization materials
  sciences health and safety issues, resolutions
  of joints, fasteners and connections
• Economics first cost/life-cycle costs, finance
  second (multiple?) use costs energy budgets,
  environmental budgets
• Public Policy accommodating codes, ordinances
  state and federal statutes on purchasing,
  planning/design, and finance/taxation

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THE FOUR PROCESS ELEMENTS OF GREEN
DEVELOPMENT Whole-systems thinking
Front-loaded design End-use/least-cost
considerations Teamwork
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The Design Challengesfor Sustainability

• Respect all the natural resources -- land, water,
  air, energy, life
• Use what is already available -- site, solar,
  reusable, recycled, locally/regionally
• Engage all the stakeholders in the design process
• Utilize the best performing, least consumptive,
  most appropriate technologies
• Relate human/natural capital to operations,
  maintenance, financial capital
• Minimize embodied energy, non-renewable energy
• Strive to make the facility a net energy
  production/distribution center
• Design the facility for deconstruction, recycling
  and/or reuse

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Quickening Pace Innovations accelerate over
time (Architectural Records 2003 prediction
..) Sophisticated computer-modeling
techniques will help designers create
energy-efficient buildings that can be erected
quickly and safely. Rapid prototyping and
digital fabrication will allow mass customization
of the built environment, with complex geometric
components made in factories and shipped to a
construction site ready for assembly. Architects
and engineers will work together more and more
closely as design and technical prowess become
inseparable.
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www.ecospheres.com
Joslyn Castle Institute for sustainable
communities