DETECTION OF TOXIC AGENTS IN WATER SYSTEMS

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DETECTION OF TOXIC AGENTS IN WATER SYSTEMS J.
(ART) JANATA School of Chemistry and
Biochemistry Georgia Institute of
Technology E-mail jiri.janata_at_chemistry.gatech.ed
u Phone [phone] OUTLINE OVERVIEW OF
SENSORS/SYSTEMS - BASICS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
APPLICATION CONCLUSIONS Workshop NEW
TECHNOLOGIES, Newark, June 27-28,2002
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SENSORS ARE DIFFERENT THAN SENSING SYSTEMS
SENSORS ACQUIRE INFORMATION CONTINUOUSLY SE
NSING SYSTEMS (ASSAYS) ARE DISCONTINUOUS, CONTAIN
DISCRETE STEPS
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SENSOR BASICS
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RESPONSE TIME
GENERAL LIMITATIONS OF CONTINUOUS OPERATION
BASELINE STABILITY LOSS OF SENSITIVITY POWER
CONSUMPTION
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BIOSENSING SYSTEM (ASSAY)
SAMPLE
REAGENT
ADDITION
INCUBATION
MEASUREMENT
INTRODUCTION
DISCRETE STEPS
READOUT
EVALUATION
INFORMATION
CALIBRATION POINT
TIME
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Solution Lab-on-a-Chip Technology

• Revolutionary Advance in Laboratory Technology

• Miniaturization, Integration, Automation

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An integrated microfluidic device
Nanoliter internal volumes, channel
cross-sections in the 10 to 100 µm range (needed
for fast diffusion times) Electrokinetic
movement of liquids and samples (allows for
control at many wells)
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Personal Laboratory Workstation
http//www.chem.agilent.com/cag/products/intro_g.h
tm
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The Microfluidic Toolbox

• 1 Separations DNA, RNA, Proteins
• 2 Enzyme Activity Assays
• 3 Joule Heating on a Chip
• 4 PCR on a Chip
• 5 Solid Phase Reagent Storage
• 6 Cell and Bead Assays
• 7 Viscometer
• 8 Sample Preparation

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FIELD-DEPLOYABLE SYSTEMFOR Cr(VI) ANALYSIS
Sample Size lt 500 microliters 50 microliters
analyzed lt 2 minutes per sample total volume of
waste 1.5 milliliters per sample 10 ppb to 5 ppm
range
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CHARACTERISTICS OF DETECTION IN WATER SYSTEMS
LARGE SAMPLE VOLUME DILUTION LONG TIME
CONSTANT WATER AS A MEDIUM HYDROLYSIS BIOLOG
ICAL AGENTS LIMITED ACCESIBILITY OF WATER
TOWERS EASY ACCESS TO RESERVOIRS
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TOXICITIES OF LETHAL GASES
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HARMFUL AGENTS
INORGANIC POISONS HEAVY METALS
CYANIDE... INFECTIOUS BACTERIAL/VIRAL
AGENTS TOXINS AFLATOXINS, RICINE,
ANTHRAX,... RADIONUCLIDES Cs-137 Sr-90
Tc-99m Np-237,...
DETECTION
ASSAYS RADIATION DETECTORS
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IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DETECTION OF THREAT
AGENTS IN AIR AND IN WATER
GAS WATER REQUIRED RESPONSE
TIME SHORT LONG BIOAGENTS DIFFICULT EASY DI
STRIBUTION PATTERNS COMPLEX PREDICTABLE REMEDIAL
ACTION COMPLEX SIMPLE MODES OF
ATTACK MANY FEW AVAILABLE SPACE LIMITED AMPL
E IMPACT LIMITED LARGE
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CONCLUSIONS(PROTECTION OF WATER SYSTEMS)
NSF Workshop New Challenges in Chemical and
Biosensing, January 9-10, 2002 http//www.chemist
ry.gatech.edu/sensingforum-02/