A HighStatistics Neutrino Scattering Experiment

1
MINERnA (Main INjector ExpeRiment n-A)
A High-Statistics Neutrino Scattering
Experiment Using an On-Axis, Fine-grained
Detector in the NuMI Beam
Quantitative Study of Low-energy n - Nucleus
Interactions
Indiana University 19 May 2006 Jorge G.
Morfín Fermilab
2
Neutrinos Are Everywhere!

• Neutrinos outnumber ordinary matter particles in
  the Universe (electrons, protons, neutrons) by a
  huge factor.
• Depending on their masses they may account for a
  fraction (few ?) of the dark matter
• Neutrinos are important for stellar dynamics
  6.6?1010 cm-2s-1 stream through the Earth from
  the sun. Neutrinos also govern Supernovae
  dynamics, and hence heavy element production.
• If there is CP Violation in the neutrino sector,
  then neutrino physics might ultimately be
  responsible for Baryogenesis.
• To understand the nature of the Universe in which
  we live we must understand the properties of the
  neutrino.

3
What are the Open Questions in Neutrino
PhysicsFrom the APS Multi-Divisional Study on
the Physics of Neutrinos

• What are the masses of the neutrinos?
• What is the pattern of mixing among the different
  types of neutrinos?
• Are neutrinos their own antiparticles?
• Do neutrinos violate the symmetry CP?
• Are there sterile neutrinos?
• Do neutrinos have unexpected or exotic
  properties?
• What can neutrinos tell us about the models of
  new physics beyond the Standard Model?
• The answer to almost every one of these questions
  involves understanding how neutrinos interact
  with matter!
• Among the APS study assumptions about the current
  and future program
• determination of the neutrino reaction and
  production cross sections required for a precise
  understanding of neutrino-oscillation physics and
  the neutrino astronomy of astrophysical and
  cosmological sources. Our broad and exacting
  program of neutrino physics is built upon precise
  knowledge of how neutrinos interact with matter.

4
The MINERnA Experiment

• Objectives of the Experiment
• Bring together the experts from two communities
• To use a uniquely intense and well-understood n
  beam
• And a fine-grained, fully-active neutrino
  detector
• To collect a large sample of n and n scattering
  events
• To perform a wide variety of n physics studies
• 1) The MINERnA Collaboration
• 2) Beam and Statistics
• 3) Survey of Physics Topics
• 4) Description and Performance of the
  Detector
• 5) Cost and Schedule
• 6) Summary

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Bringing together experts from two communities to
study low-energy n - Nucleus PhysicsRed HEP,
Blue NP, Black Theorist

• D. Drakoulakos, P. Stamoulis, G. Tzanakos, M.
  Zois
• University of Athens, Athens, Greece
• D. Casper, J. Dunmore, C. Regis, B. Ziemer
• University of California, Irvine, California
• E. Paschos
• University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
• M. Andrews, D. Boehnlein, N. Grossman, D. A.
  Harris, J. Kilmer,
• J.G. Morfin, A. Pla-Dalmau, P. Rubinov, P.
  Shanahan, P. Spentzouris
• Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia,
  Illinois
• I.Albayrak, M..E. Christy, C.E .Keppel, V.
  Tvaskis
• Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
• R. Burnstein, O. Kamaev, N. Solomey
• Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago,
  Illinois

• G. Blazey, M.A.C. Cummings, V. Rykalin
• Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
• D. Buchholtz, H. Schellman
• Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
• S. Boyd, S. Dytman, M.-S. K, D. Naples, V.
  Paolone
• University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
  Pennsylvania
• L. Aliaga, J.L. Bazo, A. Gago,
• Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima,
  Peru
• A. Bodek, R. Bradford, H. Budd, J. Chvojka,
• P. de Babaro, S. Manly, K. McFarland, J. Park,
  W. Sakumoto,
• J. Seger, J. Steinman
• University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
• R. Gilman, C. Glasshausser, X. Jiang, G.
  Kumbartzki,
• R. Ransome, E. Schulte

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HEP/NP Partnership

• This partnership is truly a two-way street
• significant NP participationin MINERvA because
  ofoverlap of physics withJefferson Lab community

• JLab program (JUPITER)
• data for neutrino cross-section modeling
• already one dedicated experiment

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To use a uniquely intense andwell-understood n
beam. The NuMI Beam.
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The NuMI Beam Configurations.
For MINOS, the majority of the running will be in
the low-energy (LE) configuration.
Post-MINOS NOnA would use the ME beam,
MINERnA would prefer the ME and HME beam
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To collect a large sample ofn and n scattering
events

• LE-configuration Events- (Em gt0.35 GeV) Epeak
  3.0 GeV, ltEngt 10.2 GeV, rate 60 K events/ton
  - 1020 pot
• ME-configuration Events- Epeak 7.0 GeV,
  ltEngt 8.0 GeV, rate 230 K events/ton - 1020
  pot
• HE-configuration Events- Epeak 12.0 GeV,
  ltEngt 14.0 GeV, rate 525 K events/ton - 1020
  pot

With E-907 at Fermilab to measure
particle spectra from the NuMI target, expect to
know neutrino flux to 4 - 5.
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Why study low-energy n scattering
physics?Motivation NP - Compliment Jlab study
of the nucleon and nucleus
Significant overlap with JLab physics kinematic
region and introduces the axial-vector current
Four major topics Nucleon Form Factors -
particularly the axial vector FF Duality -
transition from resonance to DIS
(non-perturbative to perturbative QCD)
Parton Distribution Functions - particularly
high-xBJ Generalized Parton Distributions -
multi-dimensional description of partons
within the nucleon
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Why study low-energy n scattering physics?
Motivation EPP - Neutrino Oscillation Experiment
Systematics
MINOS Neutrino Beam
We need to improve our understanding of low
energy n-Nucleus interactions for oscillation
experiments!
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1
NuMI Off-axis Neutrino Beam
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How MINERnA Would Help MINOS - How Nuclear
Effects enter Dm2 Measurement

• Measurement of Dm2 with MINOS
• Need to understand the relationship between the
  incoming neutrino energy and the visible energy
  in the detector
• Expected from MINERnA
• Improve understanding of pion and nucleon
  absorption
• Understand intra-nuclear scattering effects
• Understand how to extrapolate these effects from
  one A to another
• Improve measurement of pion production
  cross-sections
• Understand low-n shadowing with neutrinos

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How MINERnA Would Help NOnA/T2K
Total fractional error in the predictions as a
function of Near Detector off-axis Angle
Current Accuracy of Low-energy Cross-sections DQE
20 DRES 40 DDIS 20 DCOHFe 100
With MINERnA Measurements of s DQE 5 DRES 5,
10 (CC, NC) DDIS 5 DCOHFe 20
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Further Motivation - Current Data
SampleExclusive Cross-sections at Low En
Quasi-elastic - DISMAL
n
n
S. Zeller - NuInt04
K2K and MiniBooNe
Iff MiniBooNe runs n

• World sample statistics is still fairly
  miserable!
• Cross-section important for understanding
  low-energy atmospheric neutrino oscillation
  results.
• Needed for all low energy neutrino monte carlos.
• Best way to accurately measure the axial-vector
  form factors

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Exclusive Cross-sections at Low En 1-Pion and
Strange Particle- DISMAL

• Typical samples of NC 1-p
• ANL
• ? p?? n ? (7 events)
• ? n?? n ?0 (7 events)
• Gargamelle
• ? p?? p ?0 (240 evts)
• ? n?? n ?0 (31 evts)
• K2K and MiniBooNe
• Should produce interesting analysis of
• single ?0 production.
• Strange Particle Production
• Gargamelle-PS - 15 L events.
• FNAL - 100 events
• ZGS - 30 events
• BNL - 8 events
• Larger NOMAD sample expected

CC
?p??p?
S. Zeller - NuInt04
?n??p?0
?n??n?
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How about sTot?

• Low energy (lt 10 GeV) primarily from the 70s and
  80s suffering from low statistics and large
  systematics (mainly from n flux measurements).
• Mainly bubble chamber results --gt larger
  correction for missing neutrals.
• How well do we model sTot?

D. Naples - NuInt02
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Knowledge of Nuclear Effects with Neutrinos
essentially NON-EXISTENT
Fermi motion
shadowing
EMC effect
x
sea quark
valence quark

• F2 / nucleon changes as a function of A. Measured
  in ?/e - A not in ? - A
• Good reason to consider nuclear effects are
  DIFFERENT in ? - A.
• Presence of axial-vector current.
• SPECULATION Much stronger shadowing for ? -A but
  somewhat weaker EMC effect.
• Different nuclear effects for valance and sea --gt
  different shadowing for xF3 compared to F2.
• Different nuclear effects for d and u quarks.

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Nuclear Effects A Difference in Nuclear Effects
of Valence and Sea Quarks?

• Nuclear effects similar in Drell-Yan and DIS for
  x lt 0.1. Then no anti-shadowing in D-Y while
  anti-shadowing seen in DIS (5-8 effect in
  NMC). Indication of difference in nuclear
  effects between valence sea quarks?
• This quantified via Nuclear Parton Distribution
  Functions K.J. Eskola et al and S. Kumano et al

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High xBj parton distributionsHow well do we know
quarks at high-x?

• Ratio of CTEQ5M (solid) and MRST2001 (dotted) to
  CTEQ6 for the u and d quarks at Q2 10 GeV2.
  The shaded green envelopes demonstrate the range
  of possible distributions from the CTEQ6 error
  analysis.
• Recent high-x measurements indicate conflicting
  deviations from CTEQ E-866 uV too high, NuTeV
  uV dV too low
• CTEQ / MINERnA working group to investigate
  high-xBj region.

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Indication that the valence quarks not quite
right at high-x??E866 -Drell-Yan Preliminary
Results (R. Towell - Hix2004)
xbeam
xtarget

• xbeam distribution measures 4u d as x--gt 1.
• Both MRST and CTEQ overestimate valence
  distributions as x --gt 1 by 15-20.
• Possibly related to d/u ratio as x --gt 1, but
  requires full PDF-style fit.
• Radiative corrections have recently been
  calculated. (Not yet fully applied)

21
NuTeV Compared to CCFR (currently in PDF fits)at
High-x Indicates Effect Opposite to E866
nuclear effects?
V. Radescu - DIS04
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MINERnA n Scattering Physics Program

• Quasi-elastic
• Resonance Production - 1pi
• Resonance/transition Region - npi resonance to
  DIS
• Deep-Inelastic Scattering
• Coherent Pion Production
• Strange and Charm Particle Production
• sT , Structure Functions and PDFs
• s(x) and c(x)
• High-x parton distribution functions
• Nuclear Effects
• Generalized Parton Distributions

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What detector properties do we needto do this
physics?

• Must reconstruct exclusive final states
• high granularity for charged particle tracking
  and ID, low momentum thresholds for particle
  detection such as ?mn??p
• But also must contain
• electromagnetic showers (?0, e)
• high momentum hadrons (?, p, etc.)
• from CC need ? (enough to measure momentum)
• Nuclear targets for the study of neutrino induced
  nuclear effects

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Basic Detector

• MINERvA proposes to build a low-risk detector
  with simple, well-understood technology
• Active core is segmented solid scintillator
• Tracking (including low momentum recoil protons)
• Particle identification
• 3 ns (RMS) per hit timing(track direction,
  stopped K)
• Core surrounded by electromagneticand hadronic
  calorimeters
• Photon (p0) hadron energy
• measurement
• MINOS Near Detector as muon catcher

n
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MINERnA Detector
Side HCAL 116 tons
Side ECAL Pb 0.6 tons
Fully Active Target 8.3 tons
DS ECAL 15 tons
NuclearTargets 6.2 tons(40 scint.)
DS HCAL 30 tons
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MINERnA Optics
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Extruded Scintillator and Optics
Basic element 1.7x3.3cm triangular strips. 1.2mm
WLS fiber readout in center hole
Assemble into planes
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MINERvA Detector Module
Outer Detector (OD)Layers of iron/scintillator
for hadron calorimetry. 6 Towers

• A frame with two planes has 304 channels
• 256 in inner detector
• 48 in outer detector(two per slot)
• 4¾ M-64 PMTs per module
• OD readout ganged in groups of four planes

Lead Sheets for EM calorimetry
Inner Detector (ID) Hexagonal X, U, V planes for
3D tracking
162 in
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Parts of MINERvA Modules(contd)

• Calorimeter modules are built by adding absorbers
  
• one 1 steel absorber and one scintillator plane
  in DS HCAL
• two 5/64 Pb absorbers and two scintillators in
  DS ECAL

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Complete Detector

• Thin modules hang like file folders on a stand
• Attached together to form completed detector
• Different absorbers for different detector
  regions

5.2m
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MINERvA as Calorimeter

• Material in Radiation lengths
• Relevant for photon andelectron analysis
• Side DS Pb has 2mm plates

32
MINERvA as Range Tracker

• Material Thickness in (dE/dx)min
• Relevant for ranging outlow energy particles

33
MINERvA with MINOS Near
MINOSNearCoverage

• (dE/dx)min inadequate for µ
• Rely on MINOS
• For high momentum, analyze by bend in field,
  dp/p12

34
Electronics/DAQ System

• Data rate is modest
• 1 MByte/spill
• but many sources!(31000 channels)
• Front-end board based on existing TriP-t ASIC
• sample and hold
• few ns TDC, 2 range ADC
• C-W HV. One board/PMT
• DAQ and Slow Control
• Front-end/computer interface
• Distribute trigger and synchronization
• Three VME crates server

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Performance Optimization of Tracking in Active
Target

• Excellent tracking resolution w/ triangular
  extrusion
• s3 mm in transverse direction from light sharing
• More effective than rectangles (resolution/segment
  ation)
• Key resolution parameters
• transverse segmentation and light yield
• longitudinal segmentation for z vertex
  determination

• technique pioneered by D0upgrade pre-shower
  detector

36
Performance p0 Energy and Angle Reconstruction

• p0s cleanly identified
• p0 energy resolution 6/sqrt(E)
• p0 angular resolution better than smearing from
  physics

Coherent, resonance events with p0
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Performance Particle Identification
Chi2 differences between right and best wrong
hypothesis

• Particle ID by dE/dx in strips and endpoint
  activity
• Many dE/dx samples for good discrimination

p
K
p
R 1.5 m - p m .45 GeV/c, p .51, K .86,
P 1.2 R .75 m - p m .29 GeV/c, p .32,
K .62, P .93
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Performance Energy Containment
Fraction of hadronic energy escaping active
detector for DIS events
Probability that any visible hadronic energy
escapes active detector undetected for DIS
events
39
Performance Quasi-elastic ?mn??p

• Reminder proton tracks from quasi-elastic events
  are typically short. Want sensitivity to pp 300
  - 500 MeV
• Thickness of track proportional to dE/dx in
  figure below
• proton and muon tracks are clearly resolved
• precise determination of vertex and measurement
  of Q2 from tracking

p
n
m
40
Performance ?0 Production

• two photons clearly resolved (tracked). can find
  vertex.
• some photons shower in ID,some in side ECAL (Pb
  absorber) region
• photon energy resolution is 6/sqrt(E) (average)

g
n
g
41
Location in NuMI Near Hall

• MINERnA preferred running position is as close as
  possible to MINOS, using MINOS as high energy
  muon spectrometer

42
Event Rates 13 Million total CC events in a 4 -
year run
Assume 16.0x1020 in LE, ME, and sHE NuMI beam
configurations in 4 years
Fiducial Volume 3 tons CH, 0.6 t C, 1 t Fe
and 1 t Pb Expected CC event samples 8.6 M n
events in CH 1.5 M n events in C 1.5 M n events
in Fe 1.5 M n events in Pb

• Main CC Physics Topics (Statistics in CH)
• Quasi-elastic 0.8 M events
• Resonance Production 1.6 M total
• Transition Resonance to DIS 2 M events
• DIS, Structure Funcs. and high-x PDFs 4.1 M DIS
  events
• Coherent Pion Production 85 K CC / 37 K NC
• Strange and Charm Particle Production gt 230 K
  fully reconstructed events
• Generalized Parton Distributions order 10 K
  events
• Nuclear Effects C1.5 M, Fe 1.5 M and Pb 1.5
  M

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MINER?A CC Quasi-Elastic MeasurementsFully
simulated analysis, - realistic detector
simulation and reconstruction

• Quasi-elastic (n n --gt m- p, around 800 K
  events)
• Precision measurement of s(En) and ds/dQ
  important for neutrino oscillation studies.
• Precision determination of axial vector form
  factor (FA), particularly at high Q2
• Study of proton intra-nuclear scattering and
  their A-dependence (C, Fe and Pb targets)

Average eff. 74 and purity 77
Expected MiniBooNE and K2K measurements
44
Coherent Pion Production Fully simulated
analysis, - realistic detector simulation and
reconstruction

• Coherent Pion Production (n A --gt n /m- A
  p, 85 K CC / 37 K NC)
• Precision measurement of s(E) for NC and CC
  channels
• Measurement of A-dependence
• Comparison with theoretical models

signal
Selection criteria reduce the signal by a factor
of three - while reducing the background by a
factor of 1000.
45
Coherent Pion Production
Rein-Seghal
Paschos- Kartavtsev
MINERnAs nuclear targets allow the first
measurement of the A-dependence of scoh across a
wide A range
MINERnA
Expected MiniBooNe and K2K measurements
46
Recent K2K SciBar ResultM. Hasegawa et al. - hep
- ex/0506008

• Expect 470 CC coherent events according to
  Rein-Sehgal
• Find 7.6 50.4

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Resonance Production - D

• Resonance Production (e.g. n N --gtn /m- D,
  1600 K total, 1200K 1p)
• Precision measurement of s and ds/dQ for
  individual channels
• Detailed comparison with dynamic models,
  comparison of electro- photo production,
• the resonance-DIS transition region -- duality
• Study of nuclear effects and their A-dependence
  e.g. 1 p lt-- gt 2 p lt--gt 3 p final states

Total Cross-section and ds/dQ2 for the D -
Errors are statistical only
sT
48
Nuclear Effects
Q2 distribution for SciBar detector
Problem has existed for over four years
All known nuclear effects taken into
account Pauli suppression, Fermi Motion, Final
State Interactions They have not
included low-n shadowing that is only
allowed with axial-vector (Boris Kopeliovich at
NuInt04) Lc 2n / (mp2 Q2) RA (not mA2)
Lc 100 times shorter with mp allowing low n-low
Q2 shadowing ONLY MEASURABLE VIA NEUTRINO -
NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS! MINERnA WILL MEASURE
THIS ACROSS A WIDE n AND Q2 RANGE WITH C
Fe Pb
Larger than expected rollover at low Q2
MiniBooNE From J. Raaf (NOON04)
49
Nuclear EffectsDifference between n-A and m-A
nuclear effects
Sergey Kulagin
50
Strange and Charm Particle Production
Existing Strange Particle Production Gargamelle-PS
- 15 L events. FNAL - 100 events ZGS -30
events BNL - 8 events Larger NOMAD
inclusive sample expected

• Theory Initial attempts at a predictive
  phenomenology stalled in the 70s due to lack of
  constraining data.
• MINERvA will focus on exclusive channel strange
  particle production - fully reconstructed events
  (small fraction of total events) but still .
• Important for background calculations of nucleon
  decay experiments
• With extended n running could study single
  hyperon production to greatly extend form factor
  analyses
• New measurements of charm production near
  threshold which will improve the determination of
  the charm-quark effective mass.

MINERnA Exclusive States 400 x earlier samples 3
tons and 4 years DS 0 m- K L0 42 K m- p0
K L0 38 K m- p K0 L0 26 K m- K- K p
20 K m- K0 K p0 p 6 K DS 1 m- K p
65 K m- K0 p 10 K m- p K0n 8 K DS 0
- Neutral Current n K L0 14 K n K0 L0 4
K n K0 L0 12 K
51
Generalized Parton Distribution FunctionsWeak
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
m-
Wgt 2 GeV, t small, Eg large - Exclusive reaction
p

• First measurement of GPDs with neutrinos
• Weak DVCS would allow flavor separation of GPDs
• According to calculation by A. Psaker (ODU),
  MINERnA would accumulate 10,000 weak DVCS events
  in a 4-year run

52
MINERnA Costs

• Costs (in k) - including contingency, escalation
  and burdened
• We are revisiting all costs in detail for
  baselining
• RD only in FY06-07, Mostly Construction Funds in
  FY08-10

53
Proposed Schedule

• 2006 Continue RD with Vertical Slice Test
• 2007 Multi-plane Tracking Prototype
• Roughly 20 of the full detector
• Full EM Pb Calorimeter, no hadron Calorimeter
• Tests to be performed
• Scintillator spacing uniformity
• Plane uniformity across many planes
• Planes stacked as close as physics dictates?
• How to replace PMT Boxes /front end boards
• 2008 Construction Begins
• 2009 Cosmic Ray Data and our goal-
• neutrino events from NuMI

54
Model for Installation Procedure

• Similar to MINOS Near Detector
• Assemble modules on surface
• Mostly University Technicians, Fermilab oversight
  and space.
• 6 months prototyping
• 12 months assembly
• Install final stand
• Bring modules down the shaft using strongback and
  cartmax load 5.3 tons
• 2 modules a day for most of detector
• Physicists commission after each layer installed
• Low voltage, coil, and coil power supply
  installed by Fermilab folks

55
Milestones

• December 2002 - Two EOIs for neutrino scattering
  experiments using the NuMI beam and similar
  detector concepts presented to the PAC. PAC
  suggests uniting efforts and preparing proposal.
• December 2003 - MINERnA proposal presented to
  PAC. PAC requests more quantitative physics
  studies and details of MINERnAs impact on
  Fermilab.
• April 2004 - Proposal addendum containing
  additional physics studies and report from the
  Impact Review Committee presented to PAC.
  Receive Stage I approval.
• Summer 2004 - Very Successful RD Program
  concentrating on front-end electronics,
  scintillator extrusions and a vertical slice
  test
• January 2005 - Successful Directors Review of
  MINERnA
• March 2005 - Fermilab submits MIE for full
  funding of MINERnA to DOE.
• June 2005 - Establish MINERnA project at FNAL.
  Increase RD funds by 300
• Dec 2005 - Successful CD1/trial CD-2 Directors
  Review
• Fy 2006 - Continue RD Program
• FY 2007 - Construct Tracking Prototype
• FY 2008 - Start Construction
• Summer/Fall 2009 - Commission Detector in NuMI
  Near Hall

56
Summary

• The MINERnA experiment brings together the
  expertise of the HEP and NP communities to study
  low-energy n-A physics.
• MINERnA will accumulate significantly more events
  in important exclusive channels across a wider En
  range than currently available as well as a huge
  sample of DIS events. With excellent knowledge of
  the beam, s will be well-measured.
• With C, Fe and Pb targets MINERnA will undertake
  a systematic study of nuclear effects in n-A
  interactions, known to be different than
  well-studied e-A channels.
• MINERnA results will dramatically improve the
  systematic errors of current and future neutrino
  oscillation experiments.
• MINERnA has Stage I approval and is an
  established Fermilab project, with an evolving
  (Fermilab/DOE) funding scenario, that should be
  completed in Fall of 2008 with physics
  data-taking starting end CY2008 or start of
  CY2009.

57
MINERnA Summary

• Physics Objectives
• Precision study of n - nucleus scattering
  including cross sections and nuclear effects.
• Important for minimizing systematic errors of
  neutrino oscillation experiments.
• Significantly augments studies by the nuclear
  physics community at Jefferson Lab.
• Detector
• High-granularity, fully-active scintillator strip
  based design using WLS fibers and MAPMT.
  Triangular-shaped scintillator strips yield
  precision through light-sharing.
• Installation schedule 20-24 months for
  construction and installation.
• Location
• Installed upstream of the MINOS near detector.
  Needs neither new beam nor new hall.
• Status
• Stage I approval in April 2004 and successful
  Directors Review in January, 2005
• Funding mainly via Fermilab (DOE-MIE) with
  supplements from DOE-University and NSF.
• Projected construction installation schedule
  completed Fall of 2008 with physics data-taking
  at the start of 2009.

58
BACKUP SLIDES
59
How MINERnA Helps NonA/T2KBackground Predictions
Total fractional error in the background
predictions as a function of Near Detector
off-axis Angle
Current Accuracy of Cross-sections DQE 20 DRES
40 DDIS 20 DCOHFe 100
With MINERnA Measurements of s DQE 5 DRES 5,
10 (CC, NC) DDIS 5 DCOHFe 20
With MINERnA measurements of cross sections,
decrease fractional error on background
prediction by a factor of FOUR
60
Experimental Results in ? Scattering Nuclear
Effects?
Bubble Chamber Ne/D2
FNAL E-545
Where is the EMC effect?
CERN BEBC
61
Nuclear Effects - Formation length
Adler, Nusinov, Paschos model (1974)
One obvious omission, this model does not
include hadron formation length corrections
En 5 GeV
p
LH on
p
p-
LH off
NEUGEN
MINERnA can measure LH off of C, Fe and Pb
62
RD Goals for this summer -Electronics /
Vertical Slice Test

• Phase 1 Testing the TriP Chip
• Test board being designed by P. Rubinov (PPD/EE)
  piggy back on D0 work
• Reads out 16 channels of a MINOS M64 in a spare
  MINOS PMT box
• (coming from MINOS CalDet)
• Questions
• Noise and signal when integrating over 10 ms.
• Test self-triggering and external triggering mode
  for storing charge.
• Test the dynamic range (2 TriP Channels / PMT
  channel)
• Procedure to get timing from the TriP chip.

Phase 2 Test our full system
Build a small tracking array in the new muon
lab using strips and fibers of the proposed
design and the readout system from Phase 1.
Use CR and b sources.

• Questions
• Light yield does it match our expectations?
• Spatial resolution via light sharing in a plane
• Timing
• Uniformity

Late summer
Early summer
63
Calorimeters (contd)

• OD 4 and 2 steel between radial sampling
  layers
• coil at bottom of the detector provides field in
  steel

OD steel
OD strips
coil pass-through
64
Extruding Scintillator

• Process is inline continuous extrusion
• improvementover batchprocessing(MINOS)
• Tremendous capacity at Lab 5
• the 18 tons of MINERnA in lt 2 months, including
  startup and shutdown time

65
Extruding Scintillator (contd)

• Design of the die in order to achieve the desired
  scintillator profile
• collaboration with NIU Mech. E.
  department(Kostic and Kim)

simulation of performance (design tool)
2x1cm rect. die developed at NIU for Lab 5
66
PMT Boxes

• Design is similarto MINOS MUXboxes
• but no MUX!
• Mount on detector
• minimizes clearfiber length

67
Front-End Electronics

• FE Readout Based on existing TriP ASIC
• builds on FNAL work. existing submission free.
  
• ADC (dual range) plus few ns resolution timing
• TriP ASIC provides sample and hold slices
• four-sample mode works on bench this is our
  default
• each time over threshold also recorded in spill

68
Light Yield

• Critical questiondoes light yield allow forlow
  quantum efficiencyphotosensor?
• Study use MINOS lightMC, normalized to
  MINOSresults, MINERnA strips
• Need roughly 5-7 PEs for reconstruction
• Must mirror fibers!

69
Fiber Processing

• Mirrors are clearly necessary
• Lab 7 vacuum deposition facility (E. Hahn)
• Fibers (WLS, clear) bundled in connectors
• working with DDK to develop an analog to MCP-10x
  series used in CDF plug upgrade
• polishing also most effectively done at FNAL
• MRI proposal included costs for contracting FNAL
  effort through Universities