Game Plan

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Game Plan
Lecture Chapter 4 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells Prokaryotic cell features Endosymbiotic
theory Chapter 3 (next class) Light
microscopy Electron microscopy Microscopy
techniques and staining
Lab Aseptic technique Microbes in the
environment Pre-labs Pure culture Staining
(smear, simple and negative)
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CHAPTER 4 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells
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Bacterial cell shapes
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Odd bacterial cell shapes
Figure 4.5 - Overview
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Bacterial cell arrangements
Figure 4.1 - Overview
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Prokaryotic cell overview
Figure 4.1 - Overview
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Prokaryotic cell features

• Glycocalyx
• - Capsule
• - Slime layer

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Prokaryotic cell features

• Glycocalyx
• Flagella
• - Arrangements
• - Chemotaxis
• - Motility
• - H antigens

Figure 4.7 - Overview
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Prokaryotic cell features

• Glycocalyx
• Flagella
• Axial filaments
• (endoflagella)

Spirochete Leptospira interrogans
Figure 4.7 - Overview
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Prokaryotic cell features

• Glycocalyx
• Flagella
• Axial filaments
• (endoflagella)
• Attachment pili
• (fimbriae)

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Prokaryotic cell features

• Glycocalyx
• Flagella
• Axial filaments
• (endoflagella)
• Attachment pili
• (fimbriae)
• Conjugation pili
• (sex pili)

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Prokaryotic cell features

• Glycocalyx
• Flagella
• Axial filaments
• (endoflagella)
• Attachment pili
• (fimbriae)
• Conjugation pili
• (sex pili)
• 6. Cell wall

Figure 4.13 - Overview
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Gram positive versus Gram negative cells
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Prokaryotic cell features
7. Plasma membrane
Figure 4.14 - Overview
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Plasma membrane osmosis and tonicity
Figure 4.18 - Overview
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Prokaryotic cell features
8. Ribosomes
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic 3 RNAs (23s, 16s, 5s) 4
RNAs (28s, 15s, 5.8s, 5s) 53 proteins 70
proteins 30S/ 50S subunits 40S/ 60S
subunits 70S ribosome 80S ribosome
Figure 4.19
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Prokaryotic cell features
9. Endospores
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Pit stop Which prokaryotic cell feature do you
think is most influential in contributing to
disease in humans and why?
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Endosymbiotic theory
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Endosymbiotic evidence
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Independent study
1. What evidence suggests that mitochondria and
chloroplasts might have originally been free
living prokaryotic cells? Review chemical
bonds, properties of water, and organic
compounds for next lecture. Please see Chapter 2
PowerPoint on WebCT for a review of this
material. Extra credit assignment next class.

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CHAPTER 3 Microscopy
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Compound light microscope
Figure 3.1a
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Properties of light
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Refraction and immersion oil
Figure 3.3
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Brightfield and darkfield microscopy
Figure 3.4 - Overview
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Phase contrast and Nomarski optics (DIC)
Figure 3.5
Figure 3.4 - Overview
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Fluorescence and confocal microscopy
Figure 3.6
Figure 3.7
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Resolving power
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Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
Figure 3.9a
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Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Figure 3.9b
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SEM images
Fungus Aspergillus
Didinium eating Paramecium (protozoa)
Protozoan Radiolarian
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SEM images
Bacillus anthracis sporulation (bacterium)
Alga Ceratium
Penicillium notatum conidiophore (fungus)
SEMs courtesy of Dennis Kunkel Inc.
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Microscopy Basics

• Living preparations
• Wet mount
• Hanging drop

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Microscopy Basics

• Living preparations
• Wet mount
• Hanging drop

• Stained preparations
• Basic vs. acidic dyes
• Simple stains
• Differential and special
• stains

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Differential stains- The Gram Stain
Figure 3.11a
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Differential and special stains
Figure 3.12 and 3.13
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Independent study

• 1. Why do we see Gram positive and Gram negative
  cells? What
• is the key structural difference (on a cellular
  level) that could account
• for this difference?
• Review aerobic respiration the starting
  compounds and end products
• of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron
  transport chain
• (see figure 5.17).
• Review the light dependent and light independent
  reactions of
• photosynthesis (see Figure 5.24 and 5.25).