TOPICS FOR EXAM V REVIEW

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TOPICS FOR EXAM V REVIEW
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TRENDS IN THE PERIODIC CHART

• SIZE
• EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE
• IONIZATION ENERGY OR POTENTIAL
• ELECTRON AFFINITY
• ELECTRONEGATIVITY

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IONIC BONDING

• METALS LOSE ELECTRONS TO BECOME CATIONS ()
• NON-METALS GAIN ELECTRONS TO BECOME ANIONS (-)
• STRONG BONDS RESULT CREATING HARD, BRITTLE
  COMPOUNDS
• LATTICE ENERGY DEFINITION

4
COVALENT BONDING

• SHARING OF ELECTRONS
• A. sigma (s)BONDS
• B. pi(p) BONDS
• II. SINGLE BONDS
• DOUBLE BONDS
• TRIPLE BONDS
• STRENGTHS
• LENGTHS

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LEWIS DOT STRUCTURES

• IONIC
• COVALENT
• GEOMETRIC ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRON PAIRS
• HYBRID MOLECULAR ORBITALS
• POLYATOMIC
• MULTIPLE BONDS

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VALENCE SHELL ELECTRON PAIR REPULSION (VSEPR)
THEORY

• ELECTRON PAIRS REPELLING EACH OTHER RESULTING IN
  CERTAIN SHAPES
• LINEAR (2 PAIRS)
• TRIGONAL PLANAR (3 PAIRS)
• TETRAHEDRAL (4 PAIRS)
• TRIOGONAL BIPYRAMIDAL (5 PAIRS)
• OCTAHEDRAL (6 PAIRS)

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RESONANCE STRUCTURES

• LOCALIZED RESONATING DOUBLE BONDS
• DELOCALIZED RESONATING DOUBLE BONDS
• BOND LENGTHS BETWEEN SINGLE AND DOUBLE BONDS
• BOND STRENGTHSBETWEEN SINGLE AND DOUBLE BONDS

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SHAPES AND POLARITY OF MOLECULES

• NON-POLAR
• POLAR
• LINEAR (180o)
• TRIGONAL PLANAR (120o)
• TETRAHEDRAL (109.5o)
• TRIOGONAL BIPYRAMIDAL (90o 120o)
• OCTAHEDRAL (90o)

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INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

• ION-ION
• ION-DIPOLE
• DIPOLE-DIPOLE
• DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE
• INDUCED DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE