Energy Balance

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Energy Balance
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Calorie Values of Foodstuffs (Cal/g)
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Thermogenesis

• The generation of heat when an organism is at
  rest and not performing work on the environment
• Results from reactions in energy metabolism that
  are exothermic in the forward reaction (Na/K
  ATPase, Ca2 ATPase, actinomysin ATPase)

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Basal Metabolic Rate - I

• Rate of calorie consumption in a resting, awake
  subject in the post absorptive state.
  Measurements are made in the absence of muscular
  activity at a comfortable environmental
  temperature.
• Roughly corresponds to the obligate energy
  expenditure required for the performance of
  cellular and organ functions

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Approximate Energy Costs of Various Physical
Activitiesa
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Adaptive Thermogenesis

• Heat production in response to environmental
  temperature or diet
• Serves to protect the organism from cold exposure
  and to regulate energy balance in response to
  changes in diet

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Effect of Atmospheric Temperatures on Core
Temperature
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
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Mechanism of Sweat Secretion
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Skin Circulation
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Effect of Temperature onHeat Conductance
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Effect of Hypothalamic Temperature on Heat Loss
and Production
Set point
Figure 16