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Neuropharmacology of Alcohol Abuse

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1. Highest Blood Levels 30-90 minutes after ingestion ... teratogenic effects of ethanol that results in: i. Growth retardation. ii. Mental retardation ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Neuropharmacology of Alcohol Abuse


1
Neuropharmacology of Alcohol Abuse
2
A. Peaks in absorption 1. Highest Blood Levels
30-90 minutes after ingestion 2. Carbonated
alcoholic beverages increase absorption 3.
Drinking on an empty stomach increase
absorption 4. High alcohol concentration in
beverage
3
DISULFIRAM
Metabolism of Alcohol
x
ADH
ALDH
Ethanol Acetaldehyde Acetic Acid CO2
  • 1. Men
  • a. 20 metabolized in the stomach by alcohol
    dehydrogenase
  • b. 80 mainly metabolized by the liver
  • More blood vessels due to increased muscle mass
    increasing
  • diluting effect
  • 2. Women
  • a. 0 metabolized in the stomach mainly all
    metabolized by the
  • liver
  • b. Less blood vessels due to increase percentage
    of adipose
  • tissue
  • .

4
Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)
  • Amount of alcohol present in 100 mLs (or dL) of
    blood
  • Percent from Latin per centum means by the
    hundred
  • Thus, 80 mg of alcohol in 100 mLs may be
    expressed as 80 mg
  • 80 mg is equal to 0.08g in 100 mLs which is 0.08
  • Therefore a person with 0.19 BAC has 190 mg of
    ethanol in 100 mLs

5
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6
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7
Effects of Ethanol on DA release
8
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9
Effects of Naltrexone
1. Self-administration studies
10
Effects of Naltrexone
2. Microdialysis Studies
11
B. 5-HT3 and nicotinic receptors
Ondansetron
12
C. Neuronal Mechanisms withdraw and tolerance
Acomprosate
13
Neuronal toxicities and Ethanol Use
1. Destruction of serotonergic terminals
-human studies - ALCOHOLIC DEMENTIA
14
Neuronal toxicities and Ethanol Use
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
  • -vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency
  • -Signs and Symptoms
  • confusion
  • disorientation
  • abnormal eye movement
  • difficulties in movement body coordination

15
Neuronal toxicities and Ethanol Use
  • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
  • -teratogenic effects of ethanol that results in
  • i. Growth retardation
  • ii. Mental retardation
  • iii. Skull and facial abnormalities
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