Title: Neuropharmacology of Alcohol Abuse
1Neuropharmacology of Alcohol Abuse
2A. Peaks in absorption 1. Highest Blood Levels
30-90 minutes after ingestion 2. Carbonated
alcoholic beverages increase absorption 3.
Drinking on an empty stomach increase
absorption 4. High alcohol concentration in
beverage
3DISULFIRAM
Metabolism of Alcohol
x
ADH
ALDH
Ethanol Acetaldehyde Acetic Acid CO2
- 1. Men
- a. 20 metabolized in the stomach by alcohol
dehydrogenase - b. 80 mainly metabolized by the liver
- More blood vessels due to increased muscle mass
increasing - diluting effect
- 2. Women
- a. 0 metabolized in the stomach mainly all
metabolized by the - liver
- b. Less blood vessels due to increase percentage
of adipose - tissue
- .
4Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)
- Amount of alcohol present in 100 mLs (or dL) of
blood - Percent from Latin per centum means by the
hundred - Thus, 80 mg of alcohol in 100 mLs may be
expressed as 80 mg - 80 mg is equal to 0.08g in 100 mLs which is 0.08
- Therefore a person with 0.19 BAC has 190 mg of
ethanol in 100 mLs
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7Effects of Ethanol on DA release
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9Effects of Naltrexone
1. Self-administration studies
10Effects of Naltrexone
2. Microdialysis Studies
11B. 5-HT3 and nicotinic receptors
Ondansetron
12C. Neuronal Mechanisms withdraw and tolerance
Acomprosate
13Neuronal toxicities and Ethanol Use
1. Destruction of serotonergic terminals
-human studies - ALCOHOLIC DEMENTIA
14Neuronal toxicities and Ethanol Use
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- -vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency
- -Signs and Symptoms
- confusion
- disorientation
- abnormal eye movement
- difficulties in movement body coordination
15Neuronal toxicities and Ethanol Use
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- -teratogenic effects of ethanol that results in
- i. Growth retardation
- ii. Mental retardation
- iii. Skull and facial abnormalities