Weathering, Soils, and Mass Wasting

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Weathering, Soils, and Mass Wasting

• Weathering-
• Erosion-
• Mass Wasting-

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Agents of erosion

• Wind-
• Water-
• Glaciers/Ice-

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Types of weathering

• Physical
• Chemical
• Organic weathering

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Types of physical weathering

• Frost wedging
• Unloading
• Thermal expansion

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Frost wedging
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Corners rounded by weathering
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Granite Exfoliationcaused by unloading
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Chemical Weathering

• Water combines with CO2
• The table shows rocks before and after chemical
  weathering occurs.

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Weathered marble tombstone
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Cleopatras needle, before and after being in New
York for 100 years
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Organic weathering

• Organic weathering includes
• ___________________ contribute to organic
  weathering.

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Root wedging
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Products of weathering

• Physical weathering
• Physical and chemical weathering combined
• Physical, chemical and organic weathering

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Talus slope at Glacier National Park
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Joints in rocks

• Rocks that have been weathered
• Spheroidal-
• Cubic-
• Columnar-

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Spherical weathering, Zimbabwe
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Mass Wasting

• Mass wasting is
• (6 types)
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
• 6.

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Rock fall-
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Rock slide-
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Slump -
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Slump diagram
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Slump affecting a road
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Earth flow
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Creep -
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Gravestones tilted by creep
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Solifluction-
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Solifluction
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SOIL

• Soil is

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Average soil composition
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Soil Formation

• Many factors influence how quickly rock will
  develop into soil

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Soil Horizons (Layers)

• O
• A
• B
• C
• Parent material

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Soil Horizons
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Four Types of Soil

• Pedalfer
• Mollisol
• Pedocal -
• Laterite -

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Forest soil
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Prairie soil
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Pedocal with hardpan
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Laterite soil in Australia
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Laterite soil in Brazil
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Government and soil conservation

• In early 1930s
• 1935
• An agent

• 1985
• subsidies