Races

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Races Traits Identified from GEM and ideas for
future utilization
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

• M. Blanco, C. Gardner, W. Salhuana, M. Shen
• USDA-ARS NCRPIS GEM
• - August 17, 2006 -

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Objectives

• Review GEM germplasm for target traits, and
  development
• Ames Raleigh (released lines)
• Private and Public Coop germplasm information
• Document status of tested/untested accessions
• Discuss ideas for future utilization of GEM
  germplasm
• Prioritization of GEM accessions and breeding
  crosses
• Other applications, info needed, etc.

Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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GEM Trait Targets

• Agronomic adaptability - yield, lodging, grain
  moisture, and Y/M
• Abiotic stress tolerance drought and heat
• Ear mold and mycotoxin resistance aflatoxin and
  fumonisin
• Disease resistance stalk and leaf diseases
• Insect resistance (CRW, CEW, ECB)
• Value-added traits (VATs)
• Grain (proteingt13, oilgt6, and starchgt75)
• Protein quality
• Starch functional properties and Bio-energy
  traits
• Silage yield quality

Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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Summary of GEM trials (year 1998 2005)

• No. of accessions used 66
• No. of hybrids used 7
• No. of lines used 13
• No. of Populations used 3
• No. of races 21
• No. of breeding crosses tested 220
• No. of breeding crosses untested 260
• No. of release lines 1117
• No. of new breeding crosses 63
• GEM entries above check means 5.9

Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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GEM Accessions by Races and Countries
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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GERMPLASM RELEASES (2001-2006)

• 135 Released Lines from Ames, Raleigh, and
  SCAs
• Data from 1999-2005
• Emphasis on 2-3 year data, across 2-3 testers
• Focus on target traits
• A few additional lines were distributed by
  Raleigh directly
• SCA releases from DE, TX, OH, and WI

Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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GEM germplasm releases
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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GEM releases by country race (temperate
accessions)
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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GEM releases by country race (tropical
accessions)
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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Accessions with greater than 5 entries above
check means (Yr 1999-2005, Midwest)
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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Accessions with lt5 entries tested above check
means (Yr 1999-2005, Midwest)
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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Low Aflatoxin GEM Lines 2003 - 2004
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
Resistant
Resistant
Resistant
Mod Resistant
Susceptible
M. Clements, USDA-ARS, MS (2005)
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Breeding crosses with low aflatoxin content
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
Resistant
Resistant
Mod Resist
Susceptible
Susceptible
M. Clements, USDA-ARS, MS (2005)
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Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin content
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
Jim Holland, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC (2003 - 5)
Bill Dolezal, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl, Woodland, CA
(2005)
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Fusarium/Fumonisin Resistant Pedigrees

• Race Country
• GEMS-0002 FS8A(S)S09-43-2 Mixed USA
• GEMS-0003 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4 Dente
  Amarelo Brazil
• GEMS-0061 AR16026S17-10-1-B-B Cristalino
  Colorado Argentina

Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
SE32 BR52060
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Fusarium Ear Rot
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
Susceptible Line
Resistant Line
GEMS-0002 Public Release
MDI022N2120-399-001-B
Bill Dolezal, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl, Woodland, CA
(2005)
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Gray leafspot resistant GEM germplasm
Germplasm line Derivation
Country/Race
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
SE32 BR52060 and PE001 BR51403
Balint-Kurti, et al., (2006), Carson, et al.,
(2006), and Hawk et al. (2005)
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Protein Quality Index (Met Lys Trp) 3 Year
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Amylose and resistant starch content derived from
GUAT209S13
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
J.L. Jane, ISU M. Campbell, Truman State U.,
(2005)
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Breeding crosses traits from derived lines
Cuba
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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Breeding crosses traits from derived lines
Brazil
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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Breeding crosses traits from derived lines
Mexico
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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Breeding crosses traits from derived lines
Guatemala and Peru
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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Breeding crosses traits from derived lines
Barbados, Dom. Repub., and St. Croix
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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Breeding crosses traits from derived lines
Thailand
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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Breeding crosses traits from derived lines -
Argentina
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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Breeding crosses traits from derived lines
Chile and Uruguay
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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Breeding crosses traits from derived lines USA
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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LAMP Accessions not (yet) tested(but in the
pipeline)
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize
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LAMP Accessions not (yet) in Pipeline
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Summary

• GEM is making progress in identifying target
  trait phenotypes from 20 races that can be
  useful for breeding and genomic applications
• Raleighs strength developmt for southern
  adapt, leaf disease and aflatox./fumon.
  resistance, and VATs (AA index, starch
  properties)
• Ames strength Midwest adapt, anthracnose, CRW,
  and abiotic stress germplasm fumonisin resist.
  VATs (AA, starch properties)
• Overall, tropical accessions have had better
  combination of target traits than temperate (so
  far)
• Most promising tropical accessions from Cuba,
  Brazil, Mexico, Thailand
• Most promising temperate include FS8s, and
  earlier material from AR, UR, and Chile with good
  Y/M, and earliness for Midwest
• Feedback from cooperators is positive for
  material released from Raleigh and Ames (CUBA164,
  FS8s, DK888s, and Brazilian derived material)

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Issues/Suggested Ideas

• GEM has 589 breeding crosses with 123
  tested-suggest to prioritize
• A. Continue working the remaining untested
  LAMPs
• B. Determine appropriate focus on breeding
  crosses we have released accessions from
• C. Utilize successful breeding crosses for
  specific traits (CUBA164, etc.)
• D. Implement SSD to reduce rows required for
  planting ETR S1 families-we can work 3X more pops
• Lack of information on relatedness of accessions
• A. Characterize accessions using SSRs or SNPs to
  assess degree of relationship between races or
  among accessions within a race
• B. Develop genomic information on an important
  accession like CUBA164 with extensive phenotypic
  information to enhance likelihood of identifying
  trait associations with specific genotypes.
  Could be interesting model for future gene
  discovery
• Marker assisted selection (MAS)
• A. GEM lines are heterogenous-need to create
  homozygous lines for future mapping pops (to be
  done by partners?)

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GEM Cooperators Acknowledgements
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Acknowledgements
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

• GEM private and public cooperators
• USDA-ARS Collaborators
• GEM staff
• Andy Smelser, Res. Tech
• Fred Engstrom, Res. Tech
• Sue Duvick, Lab Manager