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National Inventory and National Collection: the French concept

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Title: National Inventory and National Collection: the French concept


1
National Inventory and National Collection the
French concept
  • Véronique Jamilloux, Agnès Ricart,Annick Le
    Blanc, Vincent Gensollen,Hélène Bertrand,
    François Laurens,Martine Mitteau
  • BRG, GEVES, INH, INRA

2
A presentation divided in 3 parts
  • How has the concept of National Collection
    been elaborated in France in the light of the
    International commitments and of the Global Plan
    of Action?
  • How do we manage the plant genetic resources
    in France?
  • Consequently, how do we apply the concept of
    national inventory in France?

3
The concept of National Collection in FranceThe
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
  • In accordance with the CBD, to facilitate access
    to genetic resources under French sovereignty,
  • Necessity to identify on the whole French
    territory
  • Ø the genetic material, of actual and potential
    value, existing within ecosystems and natural
    habitats
  • Ø the genetic material, of actual and potential
    value, that has developed there their distinctive
    properties, in the case of domesticated or
    cultivated species.

4
The concept of National Collection in FranceThe
Global Plan of Action (GPA)
  • With the aims of ensuring the conservation of
    plant genetic resources for food and agriculture
    as a basis for food security, and of
    strengthening national programmes, as well as
    regional and international programmes,
  • The GPA implicitly leads to a clear inventory of
    the genetic resources under the sovereignty of
    each nation in order
  • Ø to rationalize their conservation from a
    sustainability and durability viewpoint
  • Ø to mainstream the national programmes into
    regional and international cooperation.

5
The concept of National Collection in France
  • A French National Collection
  • gathers genetically diversified material i.e. in
    a significant and rather homogeneous size,
  • gathers representative material sampled on the
    French territory, in- or ex-situ,
  • is documented for multicrops passport data and
    for some primary characters,
  • and is available under facilitated access
    according to the Convention on Biological
    Diversity (1992) and to the International Treaty
    on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
    Agriculture (2001).

6
Criteria for admission to National Collection
  • French cultivars removed from the French or
    European catalogues of varieties,
  •  Landraces and local varieties from France,
  • French or foreign genitors, in particular those
    who have given  varieties registered in the
    French or European catalogues in their lineage,
  •  Material which has been collected in French
    territories,
  • Material known for the presence of identified
    genes, such as genotypes used as controls in
    certain nurseries or trials,
  • Material which is little known, but which is
    recognized as a genetic resource, and whose
    supply or collection remains difficult.

7
The management of the PGR in FranceThe National
Charter
  • defines the national policy,
  • as elaborated and implemented by stakeholders
    and policymakers,
  • and as adopted by funding authorities,
  • through
  • Ø General review
  • Ø Recommendations
  • Ø Action programmes

8
The management of the PGR in FranceA
decentralized system
  • Each National Collection is managed through a
    network which
  • involves the users of genetic resources,
  • takes into account all dimensions of plant
    genetic diversity part of natural heritage as
    well as strategic and economic input,
  • gathers all the known expertise,
  • involves both public and private stakeholders,
    including NGOs,
  • shares the cost of management activities between
    the French state and the economic actors,
  • is, under national coordination, the French
    representative in regional networks (ECP/GR,
    EUFORGEN) for the relevant species.

9
The management of the PGR in FranceA network
which framework?
  • In accordance with the Global Plan of Action,
    the aim is the rationalization of the PGR
    conservation from a sustainability and durability
    viewpoint.
  • So as to ensure the long-term conservation and
    the sustainable use of National Collections and
    to share responsibilities and conservation tasks,
    for each network
  • Ø a commitment of each stakeholder of the
    network,
  • Ø A network charter, with rules of procedure.

10
The management of the PGR in FranceWhich
networks currently?
  • Field crop species
  • Beets, Fodder and lawn species, Large-seed
    Leguminoseae, Maize, Potatoes, Rape,
    Small grain cereals, Sunflower.
  • Fruit species
  • Figs and mulberries, Grapevine, Nuts,
    Olives, Pome fruits, Prunus.
  • Ornamentals and industrial species
  • - Hydrangea, Lavenders, Pelargonium,
    Roses.

11
The management of the PGR in FranceWhich
networks currently?
  • Vegetables species
  • Allium, Artichokes and cardoons, Carrots,
    Chicories, Lentils, Market Solanaceae,
    Muskmelons, Strawberries, Vegetable
    Cruciferae.
  • Dynamic in-situ management
  • Forest trees, Wild relatives.
  • Platform for tropical and Mediterranean species
  • - with Citrus, banana, coffee, oil palm,
    pineapple, rice, soya, sorghum, sugar cane, yams
    and many forest species.

12
The concept of National Inventory in FranceA
national coordination
  • To elaborate and to implement the national
    policy for genetic resources to ensure the long
    term viability of the French process and to
    secure its sustainability
  • To mainstream and to hold together the national
    programme into regional and international
    cooperation according to the Global Plan of
    Action of the FAO
  • Ø A governmental institution
  • the Bureau des Ressources Génétiques

13
The concept of National Inventory in FranceThe
BRG currently
  • A scientific group, interministerial body,
    constituted by
  • 6 Ministries respectively in charge of
  • Research Industry Agriculture
  • Environment Overseas Territories
    Cooperation
  • 7 Scientific Organizations
  • INRA MNHN CNRS
  • IRD CIRAD Ifremer GEVES
  • represented within a Group Council, and managed
    by a 9 permanent staff.

14
The concept of National Inventory in France
  • All the genetic resources wich are
  • currently in the National Collections managed by
    each national network,
  • Or complying with the criteria for admission, now
    or in the future,
  • constitute the National Inventory (NI) for
    EURISCO, in order to
  • facilitate access to the genetic diversity under
    French sovereignty
  • ensure access to an available and well documented
    genetic material
  • secure the follow-up and the improvement of
    EURISCO.

15
The concept of National Inventory in France How
is the NI built
  • Whole material held by stakeholders

All National Collections Ú NATIONAL INVENTORY
16
To conclude
  • The National Inventory that will be available
    through EURISCO includes
  • the whole of the genetic resources under French
    sovereignty in accordance with the CBD,
  • i.e. resources from both public and private
    sectors (breeding firms and NGOs),
  • accessible through the National Collections.
  • All the genetic material of French collections
    under foreign sovereignty is avoided with the aim
    of a long-term clear and sensible European
    inventory and of the sustainable supply of
    available and documented genetic resources by
    their own responsible countries.
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