Qualitative Analysis Babbie Chapter 13

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Qualitative Analysis(Babbie Chapter 13)
Geography 237aResearch Methods

• Forms of Analysis
• Approaches to Analysis
• content analysis
• semiotics
• conversational analysis
• Qualitative Analysis Concepts
• Coding
• Memoing
• Code Retrieval
• Code Display

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Two Forms of Analysis

• Variable Oriented
• describes/explains a variable (dependent
  variable)
• many, many cases
• nomothetic
• e.g., variables that predict increased
  neighbourhood revitalization

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Two Forms of Analysis

• Case Oriented
• details of one or few instances
• idiographic
• case not typically reduced to only a few
  variables
• e.g., explain neighbourhood revitalization in
  Wortley Village

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Approaches to Analysis

• Grounded Theory Approach
• see Ch 10.
• approach to theoretical development
• analytical approach
• Glaser and Strauss (1968)
• inductive
• preconceptions minimized
• constant comparative method

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Approaches to Analysis

• Grounded Theory Approach
• Constant Comparative Method
• method of formalizing conceptual definitions
• incidence of code in one text is sought in all
  other texts
• assumes that more occurrences across texts
  better
• see coding (this lecture)

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Approaches to Analysis

• Semiotics
• study of signs and symbols
• often in artefact, content analysis
• denotative meaning literal, obvious,
  commonsense meaning
• connotative meanings meaning in context of
  culture/society
• e.g. Ottawa connotes Canada, specifically
  parliament.
• e.g., Goffman gender, social status and
  advertising (see text)

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Semiotics Example
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Semiotics Example
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Semiotics Example
Source http//www.uvm.edu/tstreete/semiotics_and
_ads/
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Semiotics Example
Source http//www.uvm.edu/tstreete/semiotics_and
_ads/
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Semiotics Example
Source http//www.uvm.edu/tstreete/semiotics_and
_ads/
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Approaches to Analysis

• Conversational Analysis
• analysis of the nuances of conversation
• assumes nuances have important meaning
• context of utterances determines meaning (e.g.
  sarcasm, humour)
• e.g., doctor-patient relations

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Qualitative Analysis Concepts

• Coding
• attaching themes to data
• search and retrieval system
• manual and/or computerized
• Transcript
• full interview typed word for word from an audio
  tape
• Discrete Units of Text (Text Units)
• division of data to which themes are attached
• e.g., lines, paragraphs, whole documents

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Codes and DUTs
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Qualitative Analysis Concepts

• Coding Hierarchy
• method of organizing codes
• levels vs flat
• categories, sub-categories, sub-sub-categories

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Coding Hierarchy Example
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Qualitative Analysis Concepts

• Open Coding
• from close reading of text
• typical form of coding
• Memoing
• notes to self, thoughts
• theoretical thoughts
• refer to codes, theory, method (next steps)
• Code Retrieval
• boolean searches (and or)
• text searches
• conceptual mapping

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Open Coding
Exercise Code this DUT
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Open Coding
Exercise Code this DUT
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Open Coding
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Memoing
MEMO for many, the term risk seems to, in the
first instance, imply financial risk rather than
health risk, or particularly the proposed
landfill. Are these related at all? Do an
intersect search ((financial risk) and (health
risk or landfill risk))
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Memoing
MEMO for many, the term risk seems to, in the
first instance, imply financial risk rather than
health risk, or particularly the proposed
landfill. Are these related at all? Do an
intersect search ((financial risk) and (health
risk or landfill risk))
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Memoing

• Code memos
• details about code (theme) definitions
• conceptual definitions see previous notes on
  conceptualization
• what does this code mean?
• Theoretical memos
• relationships between codes (concepts)
• deeper meaning of concepts
• Methodological memos
• data collection circumstances
• future research strategies

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Memoing Code Memo
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Code Retrieval

• Boolean Code Search
• and intersection, DUTs with BOTH code x and
  code y.
• or union, all DUTs with either code x or code
  y

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Code Retrieval Result

• Boolean Code Search
• and intersection, DUTs with BOTH code x and
  code y.
• or union, all DUTs with either code x or code
  y

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Code Modelling
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Code Counting/Summary
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Code Counting/Summary
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Representative Code