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MIS 430 Chapter Ten

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I. How the Internet Works. Structure: Hierarchical (Fig 10.1 p.334) ... Regional ISP (Verizon, BellSouth, Earthlink) MAE: Metropolitan Area Exchange ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: MIS 430 Chapter Ten


1
MIS 430 Chapter Ten
  • How The Internet Works

2
I. How the Internet Works
  • Structure Hierarchical (Fig 10.1 p.334)
  • National ISP (Sprint, Ameritech)
  • NAP Network Access Point
  • Regional ISP (Verizon, BellSouth, Earthlink)
  • MAE Metropolitan Area Exchange
  • Local ISP (ABCS, Joink, ISU)
  • Customer (You!)
  • Some large customers (e.g., IU) are also Local
    ISPs with thousands of customers

3
Structure
  • Who owns the Internet?
  • No longer the US government
  • InternetNetwork of Networks
  • Charges
  • End customer pays only for the connection, not
    the data transferred (this could change)
  • National ISPs charge regional ISPs, Regional ISP
    charges local ISP, etc.

4
Connecting to an ISP
  • See figure 10-2 p. 335 ISP Point of Presence
    collapsed BN
  • For individuals dial-up PPP via telephone to
    modem pool or broadband (DSL/cable)
  • Companies T1, T3, OC-3, ATM, etc.
  • Remote Access Server (RAS) is authentication
    device user name PW
  • ISU uses Unix and Kerberos security software
  • Note ISP must also connect to the Internet (NAP)

5
Mgt Focus 10-1 Chicago NAP
  • One of busiest NAPs in the world!
  • http//nap.aads.net/main.html
  • SBC operates this NAP web site for over 140 ISP
    customers
  • Cost is 3900/mo (DS3) plus leased line to
    Chicago NAP from their closest POP
  • Cisco ATM switches handle 3.0 Gbps traffic at
    peak times

6
National ISPs
  • See fig 10-4 p. 338 for Sprint North American
    Internet backbone
  • Sprint runs at OC-12 and plans to move some
    circuits to OC-192 (10 Gbps)
  • Some run at OC-768 (80 Gbps) with some planning
    for OC-3072 (160 Gbps)
  • http//www.caida.org/tools/visualization/mapnet/
    click Run Mapnet and then choose ISP to see net

7
II. Internet Access Technologies
  • DSL Digital Subscriber Line (several stds)
  • See fig 10-5 p. 339 for DSL architecture point
    to point
  • Uses regular phone line that must be split into 3
    channels via FDM Voice, Download, Upload
  • either outside house or at each telephone device
  • DSL modem connects inside via RJ-45 cable (or
    USB on some units)
  • Some DSL routers also do DSL modem work (like my
    new Westell 327w)

8
Types of DSL
  • ADSLAsymmetric DSL (diff up and down)
  • Tradeoff between speed and distance
  • T1 (G.Lite)
  • Distance 18,000 feet (3 miles)
  • Max speed 1.5 Mbps down, 384 Kbps up
  • T2 Distance 12,000 feet, speed up to 6.1 Gbps
    down
  • VDSL Very High Data Rate DSL via Fiber Optic
  • Upstream rates are lower
  • DSL Lite future, splitterless, therefore easier
    to install one-third speed of DSL and cheaper ?

9
DSL References
  • www.adsl.com DSL Forum (drill down)
  • www.verizon.net - Local DSL info

10
Cable Modems
  • Digital service offered by cable TV firms
  • Std DOCSIS for shared multi-point service
    serving 300-1000 cable customers (not all data)
  • See fig 10-8 p. 342 for architecture line
    splitter like DSL (- TV and - cable modem not
    DSL)
  • Coaxial cable to customer fiber upstream
  • All messages go to all computers on the circuit
  • Requires massive rebuilding of cable TV system

11
Cable Modems
  • Cable modem speeds faster than DSL
  • Downstream 27-55 Mbps usually 1.5-2 Mbps
  • Upstream 2-10 Mbps usually 0.2-2 Mbps
  • Many standards exist not yet widespread
  • Terre Haute local cable modem service just
    starting RoadRunner 45/month installation
  • http//www.rr.com/rdrun/

12
Fixed Wireless
  • Wireless DSL up to 1.5 Mbps line of sight
  • Joink.com http//www.joink.com/services.asp
  • Service map http//www.joink.com/wirelesschart.as
    p?cityTerreHaute
  • Avoids telephone company requires antenna
  • Satellite Wireless 1.5-11 Mbps
  • Satellite downstream, telephone upstream

13
Mobile Wireless
  • Cellular wireless
  • WLAN technologies (802.11b, Bluetooth, 802.11,
    802.11g proposed)
  • WAP Wireless Application Protocol
  • Supports mobile Internet applications
  • Client mobile phone, PDA, laptop
  • WAP proxy relays information from Internet

14
Future Technologies
  • Passive Optical Networking (PON)
  • Fiber to the home - split into different channels
  • Replaces separate traditional copper lines coming
    into the neighborhood
  • Ethernet to the Home also fiber based
  • Pilot by Yipes.com TCP/IP router in home/ofc
  • Creates an Ethernet network in home _at_ 10 or 100
    Mbps up to 1 Gbps on fiber optic cable

15
III. Internet Governance
  • ISOC Internet Society
  • www.isoc.org Any member can vote on issues
  • IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
  • www.ietf.org Internet architecture issues
  • IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group
  • Responsible for technical management stds
  • IAB Internet Architecture Board
  • Strategic architecture oversight appoints IETF,
    IESG
  • IRTF Internet ResearchTask Force

16
Internet 2
  • Next generation version much faster!
  • SONET and ATM OC-48 circuits 2.4 Gbps
  • SONET and ATM OC-12 circuits 622 Mbps
  • Most run on IPv6 rather than IPv4
  • Gigapops Gigabit Points of Presence
  • Designed to allowing experimenting with new
    protocols

17
Internet 2 Information
  • www.internet2.org
  • www.vbns.org
  • www.ucaid.edu/abilene
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