From The Movie Wasted

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From The Movie Wasted
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Illicit Drugs

• Tiffany Pelton
• McKinzie Allison
• Nicole Smith
• Kristen Schoephoerster
• Lindsay Drummond

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Important Concepts
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Drug Use v. Abuse

• Drug Use
• 1. use puts someone at a significantly
  increased risk for having bad things happen
• 2. use interferes with daily responsibilities
  and/or accomplishments

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Types of Drugs

• Narcotics
• Dulls sensation of pain
• Opium, morphine, heroin, codeine
• Stimulants
• rev up the central nervous system
• Increase amount of dopamine to brain
• Cocaine, amphetamines, ritalin, adderall

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Types of Drugs (continued)

• Depressants
• Slow the functions of the central nervous system
• Inhalants- solvents, gases, nitrites
• Barbituates, tranquilizers, date rape drugs
• Hallucinogens
• Alter perception by acting on central nervous
  system
• Numbing of senses colors are heard, sounds are
  seen
• Marijuana, LSD

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Frequency of Use

• College students more likely than high school
  students to drink but less likely to use illicit
  drugs
• Trying drugs at a younger age
• More likely to use in the 70s and 80s but rate
  stayed steady through the 90s depending on drug
• Reduction of use is smaller in girls

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Reasons

• Curiosity, rebellion, sensual pleasure, social
  pressure, familial factors
• Compulsive use
• Not as close to parents, parents are not
  authoritative
• More likely from divorced parents
• Family relationships similar to adolescents who
  are emotionally disturbed
• Peer influence

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Facts
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Substance Abuse, Addiction, and Dependency

• Thought to be the greatest social health problem
  for adolescents
• Related to delinquency and crime
• Users risk physical addiction or psychological
  dependence
• Alcohol and drug use in youth associated with
  increased use of other drugs as an adult

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Drugs in America

• Marijuana is the illicit drug used most widely
  by American girls.
• As boys grow older they are more likely than
  girls to use marijuana.
• Among 12th graders, boys are more likely than
  girls to have used most of the other illicit
  drugs.

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Risk Factors

• A family history of substance abuse
• Depression
• Normlessness- not having definite values,
  opinions, or rules to live by
• Low self-esteem
• Social isolation

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Patterns and Intensity of Drug Use

• Experimental Use
• Short-term, non-patterned trial of one or more
  drugs
• Motivated by curiosity or wanting to feel
  something new
• Social-recreational Use
• Among friends or acquaintances
• Varies in frequency, intensity, and duration
• Dont typically use addictive drugs like heroin

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Patterns and Intensity of Drug Use (continued)

• Circumstantial-situational Use
• Motivated by desire to achieve a known and
  anticipated effect
• Includes stimulants, sedatives, and marijuana
• Intensified Drug Use
• Long-term pattern, use at least once daily
• Compulsive Drug Use
• High frequency and high intensity use with long
  duration
• Physiological or psychological dependence

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Warning Signs of Abuse

• Physical fatigue, red and glazed eyes, a
  lasting cough
• Emotional - irritability and sudden mood changes,
  irresponsible behavior, poor judgment,
  depression, apathy
• Family withdrawal, start arguments, break rules
• Social negative attitude, peer involvement in
  drugs

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Acculturation and Drug Use among Adolescents
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Acculturation

• Changes that take place when an individual comes
  into contact with another culture
• Adolescence is a crucial time especially when
  encountering a new dominant culture for the first
  time

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3 Major Influences

• Intrapersonal
• Biological predispositions
• Personality traits
• Cognitive mechanisms
• Especially coping skills, or lack there of
• Interpersonal
• Social
• Peers, family members and role models
• Cultural
• Norms

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Acculturation stressors

• Unfamiliar languages and behavior norms
• Challenge of forming new social relationships
• Might use drugs as a way of establishing
  friendships
• Discrimination by members of host culture
• Exploitation by members of own culture

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Familial Acculturation

• Parents and teens may acculturate at different
  rates which may cause conflict within the family
• Drug use is more prevalent among those with a
  higher discrepancy in acculturation between them
  and their parents
• One study shows that Hispanic teens who spoke
  English with their parents were at a higher risk
  for alcohol and drug abuse compared to those who
  did not

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Role of Cultural Values

• Shape attitudes of substance use and influence
  risk of experimentation
• Respeto (Hispanic) and Filial Piety (Asian)
  emphasize a childs duty to show respect for, take
  care of and obey the advice of parents and other
  authority figures
• Might make teens less likely to engage in risky
  behaviors such as drug use
• One study found that filial piety was associated
  with a lower risk of substance use

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Role of Culture

• Regardless of the original culture, research
  shows that the sense of adhering and belonging to
  a culture and the support of an ethnic community
  are protective against risky behaviors like drug
  abuse
• Research has found that a strong ethnic or
  cultural identity is also protective against drug
  use among teens
• Absence of a consistent set of cultural norms
  appears to be a risk factor for adolescent
  substance use/abuse

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Adolescent Impacts
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Health Effects

• Illicit drug use accounts for approximately
  17,000 deaths annually in the US
• Danger of the transmission of HIV, viral
  hepatitis, and sexually transmitted diseases

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Health Effects(continued)

• Teens that use drugs are at a greater risk for
  developing other health problems, such as ADD,
  anxiety, phobias, and depression
• Youth who use drugs other than marijuana have an
  increased risk for suicide (29.4) compared to
  youth who do not use drugs (10.1)
• Increased chance of death from accidental or
  intentional drug overdoses or from engaging in
  unsafe behavior

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Social Effects

• Public health impact of drug use involves
  families and communities. Drug use is linked to
  
• Motor vehicle crashes and injury due to impaired
  driving
• Child abuse and neglect
• Homelessness
• Interpersonal violence
• Drug use results in increased criminal activity
  for users and a higher tolerance of deviant
  behavior.

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Social Effects(continued)

• Adolescents who use drugs increase their risk of
• Dropping out of high school
• Early sexual experience
• Teenage non-marital pregnancy
• Problems with interpersonal relationships
• Marital disruption in adulthood

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Long Term Effects

• Abuse
• Abusers use drugs to help them change the way
  they feel about themselves and/or some aspect of
  their lives
• Addiction
• Experience negative consequences associated with
  use but continue
• Feel guilt and remorse but cant stop

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Treatment and Recovery
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Research Study of Treatment

• The National Institute for Drug Abuse conducts
  studies under the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcomes
  Studies for Adolescents (DATOS-A)
• One study of 1200 adolescents (11-18) who entered
  treatment in 4 major U.S. cities found treatment
  to be extremely effective
• Weekly or more frequent marijuana use dropped
  from 80.4 to 43.8, a huge success as far as
  treatment goes
• After treatment, teens showed better
  psychological adjustment as indicated by having
  fewer thoughts of suicide, lower hostility, and
  higher self-esteem
• Those who stayed a min. of 90 days (opposed to
  those who stayed less) were
• 1.5 times more likely to stay sober after
  treatment
• 1.45 times less likely to be arrested after
  treatment
• 1.33 times more likely to have better grades in
  school
• Negative effects did occur
• Cocaine use increased from 16.5 prior to
  treatment to 19.2 following treatment

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Recovery

• Recovery is harder for those who start young
  opposed to those who start using in later
  adulthood
• In 2003, there were approx. 1.7 million
  admissions to publicly funded substance abuse
  treatment programs
• 54.8 for only illicit drugs
• 28.3 of these were people ages 12-25

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Treatment and Help Options

• Best prevention programs attack all forms of
  substance abuse
• Better if long term instead of single short term
• Build positive academic and social skills
• Needs to involve child and family
• Behavioral therapy
• focuses on building skills needed to refuse
  drugs, resist peer pressure, and make good
  decisions
• Modeling and role-playing between client and
  therapist
• Behavioral contracting
• Counseling, medical treatment, and psychiatric
  care
• focus on resolving emotion problems instead of
  treating addiction as a disease in and of itself

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Treatment and Help Options (continued)

• Family systems therapy
• Seeks to help families address separation issues
• Helps members communicate more effectively
• Community treatment
• Expected to live in a facility for about a year
• Incorporates several treatment models
  simultaneously
• All effective at least in the short term
• Little research on long term effect

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References

• Unger, Jennifer. B. (2004). A cultural psychology
  approach to drug abuse prevention. Substance use
  and misuse, 39, 1779-1820
• Wallace, John M. Jr. Bachman, Jerald G. (2003).
  Gender and ethnic differences in smoking,
  drinking, and illicit drug use among American
  8th, 10th, and 12th grade students, 1976-2000.
  Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and
  Other Drugs .
• Wu, Winfred MD Khan, Amy J. MD, MPH. (2005).
  Adolescent Illicit Drug Use - Understanding and
  Addressing the Problem. http//www.acpm.org/Khan
  Wu_AdolescentDrugUse.pdf
• Rice, F. P. Dolgin, K. G. (2005). The
  adolescent Development, relationships, and
  culture (11th ed.). Boston Pearson
• NIDA