Psychology 315

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Psychology 315 Introduction to Neuropsychology
Dr. Ingrid Friesen, Ph.D., R.Psych. ifriesen_at_memor
yclinic.ca 881-1145
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Study of Neuroanatomy

• 4 possible approaches
• Comparative
• Developmental
• Cytoarchitectonic
• Biochemical

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• Comparative approach
• Describes the brains evolution from simple
  creatures to complex ones
• Behaviours are correlated with brain structures

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• Developmental Approach
• Also called ontogenetic approach
• Examines development within an individual
• Correlation of emerging behaviours with
  developing brain
• Immature brain is used as a simplified model

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• Cytoarchitectonic approach
• Describes the architecture of the cells
• Correlates well with maps of brain function

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• Biochemical approach
• Describes intercellular communication
• (i.e., neurotransmitters)

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Basic Neuroanatomy

• Embryo produces 2 types of nervous system cells
• Neuroblasts ? neurons
• Spongioblasts ? glial cells

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• Different parts of nervous system have different
  appearances
• Gray matter ? cells bodies
• White matter ? axons
• Mottled matter ? reticular formation that is
  mixture of gray and white matter

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• Nucleus grouping of cell bodies
• Tract grouping of axons

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Pyramidal cell (cortex)
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Association cell (thalamus)
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Purkinje cell (cerebellum)
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Somatosensory cell
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Motor Neuron (spinal cord)
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Anatomy of the Human Brain

• Central Nervous System (CNS)
• spinal cord brain
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• neural tissue beyond the CNS
• Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
• fluid that cushions and provides nutrients to
  the CNS

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• 9 Basic Structures will be discussed
• Spinal cord
• Medulla
• Cerebellum
• Pons
• Midbrain
• Hypothalamus and thalamus
• Cerebral Cortex
• Basal Ganglia
• Limbic System

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• Terminology
• Anterior vs. posterior
• Dorsal vs. ventral
• Lateral vs. medial
• Ipslateral vs. contralateral