Title: Climate correlations with geographical distribution
1Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
2- Small-leaved European Linden tree Tilia cordata
- Northern limit in Britain in the Lake District
- Most populations are now very old trees that have
not regenerated for gt100yrs - Trees grow in rocky places which have probably
never been cleared completely - Pollen diagrams show Tilia invaded about 5,000 BC
(temp 2ºC higher than now), but did not extend
beyond present range - Must have been able to produce frequent large
crops of seeds at that time - After 3,100 BC pollen declines suggesting failure
to reproduce - Present distribution is therefore a relict
distribution determined by past conditions,
coupled with persistence of trees over long time
3Tilia cordata
4- Tilia cordata continued..
- Present trees in Lake District have almost
entirely sterile seeds - 1964-79 (except 1976 hot year) lt0.2 fertile
fruits from Lune Valley - 1976 max 16 fertile fruit, but no seedlings
found - Trees from further south 20-55 fertiule in same
period - Some reduction of pollen on stigmas in N.
populations, but variable - Pollen tube growth failure most probable cause
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9Tilia cordata
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12- Tilia cordata continued..
- In Finland pollen tube growth and fertilization
completed successfully - Warmer, more continental climate
- But temperature falls rapidly at the end of the
growing season and, at northern limit, embryo and
endosperm development is arrested - Fruits again sterile, but for different reason.
13Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
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18Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
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20Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
21A Climate Change Atlas for 80 Forest Tree Species
of the Eastern United States Anantha M. Prasad
and Louis R. Iverson
- http//www.fs.fed.us/ne/delaware/atlas/index.html
22Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
23Recap of relevant material in Class 3
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25Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
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29Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
30Hierachy of scales in Geographical distribution
31Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola)
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35g1gtg2
Species present
Species absent
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38Geographical range of Colophospermum mopane
(Mopane) in Southern Central Africa
39Most southern Mopane in Botswana. Note fruits
40Most southern Mopane in Botswana. Note fruits