First Tape Drive

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First Tape Drive
(Early 1950s)
IBM 726
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Numerous Limitations and Problems

• Dynamic Skew

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Numerous Limitations and Problems

• Dynamic Skew

• Mechanical Tolerances Lead to Numerous
  Limitations and Problems

• Varying Formats

556 bpi
200 bpi
800 bpi
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Sync Bit

• The Most Significant Technological Change in the
  Evolution of Tape Drives (1960)

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IBM 2400
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Addressed the Following Issues

• Mechanical Tolerance
• Tape Guiding
• Data Reliability

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Allowed Linear Density to Leap from 800 bpi to
125,000 bpi
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Went from Mechanical Complexity
to Simple Electrical Design
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Large Footprint Drives Evolved Through 1974
IBM 3420
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Great Performance

• 1 millisecond to start/stop to 200 ips- 500gs

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Great Performance

• 1 millisecond to start/stop to 200 ips- 500gs

• 6250 bpi
• 1kw
• 60x30x30

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Streaming (1978)
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Streaming (1978)

• Reel to Reel Tapes Streaming Devices
• Introduced Design Characteristics of Streaming
  Devices

Advantages

• Reduced Power
• No More Vacuum
• Small Media and Drive Form Factor
• Higher Data Density - Same Capacity as 6250 bpi
• Design for Cartridge Automation
• Lower Cost

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Streaming (1978)

• Reel to Reel Tapes Streaming Devices
• Introduced Design Characteristics of Streaming
  Devices

Disadvantages

• Backhitching

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Streaming (1978)

• Reel to Reel Tapes Streaming Devices
• Introduced Design Characteristics of Streaming
  Devices

Disadvantages

• Backhitching

• Wear and Tear on Media
• Complex Mechanisms
• Tight Mechanical Tolerances Required

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Continued Shrinkage of Footprint through 1984
IBM 3480
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Significant Pressure to Increase Performance
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Tape vs. Disk Drive Cost /MB
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1.00
Tape Cost/MB
.10
Disk Cost/MB
Cost/MB
.01
.001
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
1990
1988
Sources Disk/Trend Research and Freeman
Associates
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No Significant Breakthroughs in Technology
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• Discrete Packet Format
• The Foundation of Tape Technology for the Next
  Millenium

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DPF - The Second Revolutionary Breakthrough in
the History of Tape Technology (1998)
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Breakthroughs

• Track Density
• Mechanical Alignment
• Data Reliability/Interchangeability
• Variable Speed Operation

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DPF Does for Track Density What Sync Bit Did For
Linear Density
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The Four Revolutionary Steps in Magnetic Tape
Recording Over the Last 50 Years

• First Tape Drive
• Sync Bit
• Streaming
• DPF

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