Education and Culture

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Section 2

• Education and Culture

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Public Education

• Elementary
• Kindergartens increasingly popular
• Children attending elementary school in late
  1800s were seldom expected to go on to college
• Late 1800s emphasis
• Strict-discipline
• Citizenship skills
• Rote memorization

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Public Education

• High Schools
• More built
• Emphasis on vocational areas added drafting,
  carpentry, mechanics, secretarial courses
• Also added science, home economics, civics,
  history, and literature

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Public Education

• By 1910, a majority of African American students
  were prohibited from attending public elementary
  and high schools
• 3 of African American students attended private
  school
• Racial discrimination accounted for the greatest
  number of children being unable to attend public
  high schools

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Higher Education

• Industrial development changed needs at the
  college level
• To meet the needs of industry, research
  universities were built
• Courses in modern languages, physical sciences,
  engineering, economics
• Professional schools in law and medicine

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Higher Education

• Wealthy industrialists gave money to start
  research universities
• Leland Stanford Stanford University
• John D. Rockefeller University of Chicago

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Stanford
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University of Chicago
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Higher Education

• W. E. B. DuBois
• 1st African American to receive a doctorate form
  Harvard 1895
• He believed blacks should seek a liberal arts
  education
• Advocated a rapid movement
• toward integration

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Higher Education

• Booker T. Washington
• Prominent African American
• Believed in a gradual approach toward integration
• Thought blacks should learn skills to improve
  economic value
• Founded Tuskegee Institute
• Goal to enable black graduates to teach and to do
  agricultural and mechanical work

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Higher Education

• Booker T. Washington
• No race can prosper till it learns that there is
  as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing
  a poem
• Tuskegee Institute Tuskegee, Alabama

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Tuskegee Institute
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Education Influences Culture

• Fine Arts
• Thomas Eakins 19th century artist who embraced
  realism
• Realism artistic school that aimed at
  portraying real life

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ThomasEakins
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Popular Fiction

• Mark Twain Samuel Langhorne Clemens
• Novelist and humorist
• Best known for
• The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
• Many of Twains works are considered American
  classics

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