Textiles

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Textiles

• Natural and Synthetic Fibers

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What are fibers?

• A slender, elongated object or structure that is
  twisted into thread
• Staple fibers- Natural fibers (except silk),
  these are short
• Filament fibers- Synthetic fibers, these are very
  long

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Natural Fibers

• Come from plants and animals
• General Characteristics
• Hydrophilic (Absorb Water)
• Most wrinkle easily

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Natural Fibers

• Cotton
• Flax (Linen)
• Wool
• Silk
• Ramie
• Leather

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Cotton advantages

• Strong, durable
• Soft
• Absorbs moisture
• Breathes well
• Washes easily

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Cotton disadvantages

• Mildews
• Does not spring back into shape
• Wrinkles easily
• Burns readily
• Shrinks

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Blouses
• Dresses
• Skirts
• Underwear
• Shirts
• Jeans
• Sportswear

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Care of Cotton

• Wash in washer and dry
• Iron at high temperature

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Flax (Linen) Advantages

• STRONG
• Absorbs moisture
• Comfortable in warm weather
• Washes easily

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Linen disadvantages

• Mildews
• WRINKLES
• Burns easily

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Blouses
• Dresses
• Skirts
• Suits

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Care of Linen

• Wash or Dry Clean, CHECK LABEL
• Iron at HIGH temperature

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Wool Advantages

• WARM
• Durable
• ABSORBENT
• Resilient (returns to original shape quickly)
• Resists wrinkling
• Fire Retardant

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Wool Disadvantages

• Requires special care
• Shrinks sometimes if washed, or dried in dryer
• Absorbs odors
• Requires protection against insects

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Knit garments
• Sweaters
• Gloves
• Skirts
• Coats
• Sportswear
• Socks
• Suits
• slacks

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Care of Wool

• Dry Clean or Hand Wash and Dry flat
• Iron at low temperature

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Silk Advantages

• Smooth
• Lustrous
• Strong
• Dries quickly

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Silk Disadvantages

• Shows water spots
• Iron at low temperature

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Skirts
• Blouses
• Dresses
• Neckties
• Scarves
• Sweaters

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Care of silk

• Dry clean or hand wash, check label
• Iron at low temperature

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Synthetic Fibers

• Made from petrochemicals
• Characteristics
• Hydrophobic (water resistant)
• Promote static cling
• Heat Sensitive
• Many pill
• Most are wrinkle resistant

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Synthetic Fibers

• Acetate
• Acrylic
• Nylon
• Polyester
• Rayon
• Spandex (Lycra)
• Aramid (Kevlar, Nomex)
• Olefin
• Triacetate
• Modacrylic

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Acetate Advantages

• Soft
• Drapeable
• Dries quickly
• Resistant to shrinking

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Acetate Disadvantages

• Can wrinkle
• Low abrasion resistance
• Heat sensitive
• Damaged by acetone

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Skirts
• Blouses
• Dresses
• Scarves
• Linings

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Acrylic Advantages

• Soft
• Warm
• Wool-like
• Light weight
• Wrinkle resistant
• Resistant to moths and sunlight

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Acrylic Disadvantages

• Pills
• Static electricity
• Heat sensitive

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Care of Acrylic

• Dry Cleaned or laundered
• Iron at low temperature

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Sweaters
• Knit garments
• Faux Fur
• Coats
• Pants
• Skirts
• Shoe soles

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Nylon Advantages

• Very Strong
• Resilient
• Lustrous
• Dries quickly

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Nylon disadvantages

• May yellow or gray
• Heat Sensitive
• Low moisture absorbency

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Sportswear
• Jackets
• Raincoats
• Backpacks
• Purses

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Care of Nylon

• Easily laundered
• Iron at low temperature

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Polyester advantages

• Excellent WRINKLE RESISTANCE
• Resistant to abrasion
• Dries quickly
• Blends well with other fibers
• Retains heat-set pleats and creases

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Polyester disadvantages

• Absorbs oily stains
• Low absorbency of moisture

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Pants
• Shirts
• Suits
• Sportswear
• Skirts

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Care of Polyester

• Easily laundered
• Needs little or no pressing

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Rayon advantages

• Soft and comfortable
• High moisture absorbency
• drapeable

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Rayon disadvantages

• May wrinkle or shrink unless treated
• May mildew

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Dresses
• Skirts
• Lingerie
• Blouses

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Care of Rayon

• Usually dry cleaned, sometimes washable
• Iron at low temperature

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Spandex advantages

• Excellent elasticity and recovery
• Stronger and more durable than rubber
• Light weight
• Resistant to body oils

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Spandex disadvantages

• Damaged by chlorine bleach
• Damaged by heat

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Pants
• Shirts
• Jeans
• Sportswear
• Underwear
• Socks
• Bras
• Tights

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Aramid (Kevlar Nomex) advantages

• Exceptional strength
• Exceptional heat and flame resistance
• Resistant to stretch and abrasion

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Aramid disadvantages

• Not absorbent

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Kevlar
• Bullet Proof Vests
• Cut/Heat and Chemical resistant Gloves
• Nomex
• Fireman Uniforms
• Racing Apparel

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The End