Mate, Anjo Maurice B.

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Study on Determinants of Improving the Level of
Service of LRT line 1
By Mate, Anjo Maurice B. Chua, Godfrey Hendrik
C. Mariategue, John Paulo T. Serrano, John
Rennald D. Chan, Arnold L. Contrevida, Ralph
Jason A.
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Abstract

•  
• This paper describes a brief analysis on the
  choice of taking a train given the cost
  shouldered by the passenger due to delay in
  service and the option of taking other
  transportation services.
• The study consists of collecting statistical
  data, and conducting survey on a typical day and
  time in a week.
• The following statement is assumed in this study
  A high level of service should always be
  implemented.
• For passengers inconvenienced due to unwanted
  circumstances, there must be proper compensation.

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INTRODUCTION

• LRT Line 1 has been seen as an alternative
  transportation for everyday commuters.
• The Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) was
  established on July 12 1980.

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• Features
• measures approximately 15 km.
• 18 stations
• operates with 32 trains, each, consisting of two
  articulated cars, carrying about 450,000
  passengers daily. (as of 2008)
• trains run at a 2 to 3 minute headway from 530
  until 2300

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Research Problem

• The study would like to give a value on why the
  passengers of the LRT would still prefer to
  acquire their services given that the entire
  system always suffer from technical difficulties
  and policies that are not being correctly
  implemented thus, creating a cost of delay and
  inconvenience to its passengers.

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Objectives of the Study

• The objective of the study is to determine the
  factors that affects Level of Service of LRT.
• Specific Objectives
• To study the current performance of the operation
  and services of LRT Line 1
• To identify the factors of delay of LRT 1
  service.

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Significance of the Study

• The study gives a comprehensive understanding on
  why the passengers choose to avail the services
  of the LRT given the difficulties experienced
  when riding LRT compared to other available means
  of transportation.
• The delay in service in LRT will be represented
  by a value which shall be computed through
  statistics.
• The study will serve as reference to scholars or
  students who wish to pursue a study in the LRT
  system.

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Scope and Limitation

• The study will focus during the operation of LRT.
  

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Definition of Terms

• Level of Service (LOS) is a measure by which
  transportation planners determine the quality of
  service on transportation devices, or
  transportation infrastructure.
• Light Rail Transit (LRT) is used to refer to
  modern streetcar/tram systems with rapid
  transit-style features that usually use electric
  rail cars operating mostly in private
  rights-of-way separated from other traffic but
  sometimes, if necessary, mixed with other traffic
  in city streets.
• Time Cost is the cost per unit time

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Analytical Framework
Data Gathering on Selected Areas
Number of Passengers
Fares
Passenger Profile
Surveys
Trip Purpose
Travel Time
Inconveniences Experienced
Analysis
Conclusion and Recommendation
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Conceptual Framework
LRT - 1
SERVICE
OPERATION
APPLICABILITY
IMPROVED LEVEL OF SERVICE
FACTORS
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Study Area

• Monumento Station

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Monumento Station

• One of the most crowded stations in terms of its
  number of passengers.
• Vicinity of the station includes malls, schools,
  universities, churches, and markets.
• It has the most number of guards that helps in
  the control of the operation in the station.

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• R. Papa Station

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R. Papa Station

• The lowest passenger count of all stations of
  Line 1.
• The stations vicinity includes stores and homes.
• It also only has a few numbers of guards, ticket
  booths, and turnstiles.

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Review of Related Literature

• Kamid (1999) defines and analyzes the current
  relationship of the public transportation systems
  in Metro Manila.
• Angulo (1990) argues that LRT Line 1 is a clear
  example of the governments lack of foresight
  implementation since it has not provided adequate
  provisions for maintenance and improvement of
  affected areas.
• Hosomi (1997) discusses the terminal areas in
  Metro Manila that has no enhancement facilities
  for promoting the smooth flow of transferring
  behaviors of passengers.

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• Hashimoto (2001) analyzes the travel demand along
  EDSA after MRT 3 begins operation and finds some
  effective measures for passengers to shift to use
  MRT.
• Bayan (1995) characterizes of the cost of bus and
  jeepney transport systems from the viewpoint of
  the transport operators.
• Doroy (1998) determines the willingness to pay
  attitude of private car owners to reduction in
  travel time and the factors that influence it
  like the choice of route between toll and
  ordinary roads.
• Gibson, and Brian (1982) was commissioned to
  analyze how the presence of LRT would affect
  traffic operations.

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• Dallas Area Rapid Transit (2003) studied the
  impacts that would result from new light rail
  projects and included in the Environmental Impact
  Statement (EIS).
• Dallas Area Rapid Transit (2003) utilized a queue
  analysis to see which crossings of signalized
  intersections might be affected by the proposed
  LRT Line.

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Data Analysis and Presentation
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Survey Forms

• The following data were obtained from the survey
  conducted at LRT
• Demographic Profile
• Reasons in riding LRT
• Problems encountered in riding LRT
• Recommendations of possible solutions to improve
  the level of service
• Frequency of riding LRT

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Demographic Profile

• Figure 1 Respondents on weekdays

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Respondents for Weekends

• Figure 2

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Trip Purpose

• Figure 3 shows the trip purpose during weekdays.

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• Figure 4 shows the trip purpose for weekends
• The graph shows that majority is obtaining the
  services of LRT to go home then followed by to
  work or to school

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Reasons for riding LRT

• Shows the results on the question on why
  passengers ride LRT over other forms of
  transportation.

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• Figure 6 illustrates the reasons why people
  prefer acquiring the services of LRT during
  weekends.
• Similar to the result during weekdays,
  respondents prefer to ride LRT since it is fast
  and reliable and also because of the convenient
  location of the station.

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Problems in riding LRT

• Figure 7 shows a graph on the problems
  experienced by riders during weekdays.
• The major problem that the riders experience was
  the long headway.

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• Figure 8 shows problems experienced by riders
  during weekends.

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The picture shows the people being stopped at the
security check at the entrance of Monumento
Station because the LRT cannot accommodate all
the passengers due to overcrowding at the
platform.
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This is the actual ticket booth inside the
Monumento Station. This is where passengers buy
their tickets whether it is stored value card or
a single journey ticket. As shown it has 5 booths
with all tellers in it. This was taken at night
time.
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The picture illustrates passengers waiting for
the light rail vehicle to arrive. This was taken
at night time, it shows that the passenger can
easily board the train due to low passenger count.
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This is the actual shot taken inside the R. Papa
Station. It shows that the security check is
being implemented. In this picture we could
actually confirm from the primary and secondary
data that there are more passengers in Monumento
Station.
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The picture illustrates that there are only two
ticket booths installed Inside the R. Papa
station. Due to low passenger count
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This is the actual turnstile at the R. Papa
station. It only has few turnstile due to low
passenger count. The picture show the easy access
of the passengers to the platform because of the
terminal not being crowded.
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Conclusion and Recommendations
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Summary of Findings

• At the normal observation of LRT service, more
  students majority which represented 40 of the
  total respondents.
• From the survey conducted, it was revealed that
  the trip purposes of respondents were to work,
  to school, to home, to shop, to recreate.
• Of the trip purposes, to home garnered the lion
  share of 41.
• The major reasons of respondents on riding LRT
  were safety, comfort, convenience, security,
  and economics.

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• 5. The survey revealed that long headway is
  the most severe problem that the respondents
  experienced.
• 6. The respondents suggested that the following
  solutions can be implemented to improve the level
  of service of LRT provide waiting area,
  additional turnstile, additional ticket booth,
  additional tellers.

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Conclusion

• The factors of Level of Service Safety,
  Convenience, Comfort, Security and Economics.
• Based on its performance, it serves its purpose
  on moving people and goods.
• The LRT is a inevitable as far as transport
  mode is concerned.
• The factors of delay

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Recommendation

• An extensive study to account for the Level of
  Service considering the whole day of operation.
• Disaggregate modeling.
• LRT have a review on its daily operation.
• An economic cost on headway is proposed.

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REFERENCES

• Kamid, Sahid A. Estimating the PassengersMode
  Switching Behavior The Case of Tamaraw FX
• Angulo, Cynthia G. The LRT System Its
  Implication on Public Policy Formulation. 1990.
• Hosomi, Akira. An Analysis on the Locational and
  Functional Characteristics of Terminal areas in
  Metro Manila
• Hashimoto, Tsuyoshi. Transferability of the 1987
  LRT-Jeepney Mode Choice Model to the MRT 3
  Passenger Demand Forecasting.
• Bayan, Josephine M. Cost Characteristics of Bus
  and Jeepney Transport Systems in Metro Manila
• Doroy, Ramie B. Willingness-to-Pay Attitude of
  Car Users on Toll Charges
• Gibson, Patrick A., and Brian B. Lin Traffic
  Impacts of Light Rail Transit
• Dallas Area Rapid Transit. Final Environmental
  Impact Statement and Section 4 (f) Statement
• Dallas Area Rapid Transit. Southeast Corridor
  Light Rail Transit in Dallas County, Texas

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• LRT Line 1 System The Yellow Line. Accessed via
  Internet November 14, 2008 at http//www.lrta.gov.
  ph/line1_metrorail.htm
• LRT1 Guide. Accessed via Internet November 14,
  2008 at http//www.yehey.com/mlrt/lrt1a.aspx

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• THANK YOU!!!!