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1
Discontent in the Colonies 17541775
After decades of loose control, England begins to
make demands on its American colonies. Resistance
starts slowly, but soon erupts into war.
Colonists in Boston riot to protest the Stamp
Act. Hand-colored woodcut.
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2
Discontent in the Colonies 17541775
SECTION 1
The French and Indian War
SECTION 2
Britain Tightens Control
Colonial Resistance Grows
SECTION 3
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3
Britains victory in the French and Indian War
forces France and Spain to give up their land
claims east of the Appalachian Mountains.
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4
The French and Indian War
War Breaks Out
France, Britain, and Colonial America English
colonists settle eastern coast, France claims
interior England, France each have Native
American allies - English alliance with Creek,
Cherokee, Iroquois - French alliance with
Huron, Algonquin Europeans and natives get
involved in each others wars In 1700s, two
French-English wars had spread to colonies
Continued . . .
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5
continued War Breaks Out
French and Indian War Beginning in 1754
British, French fight small battles over
territory Called French and Indian War by
British - part of larger French-English Seven
Years War (17561763) - Native American
allies fight for French Spain sides with France
in 1761, but Britain wins in 1763 War mostly
fought in North Georgia calm, prosperous,
during war
Continued . . .
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6
continued War Breaks Out
The War Ends Treaty of Paris ends Seven Years
War, French and Indian War Britain claims all
land east of Mississippi River France gives
Spain land west of Mississippi, New
Orleans England trades Cuba, Philippines to
Spain for Florida Treaty ends French power in
North America
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7
The Proclamation of 1763
War Victory Brings Problems Great Britain faces
large war debt feels colonies should help pay
Colonists settle new land natives attack,
settlers fight back New territory hard and
expensive for England to defend Proclamation
of 1763 bans settlements west of
Appalachians Colonists believe they have
right to settle west ignore ban English
cannot enforce Proclamation or taxes on
colonists
Map
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8
Georgia Changes Shape
British Control Protects Georgia Georgia is
youngest, smallest colony, founded by nonprofit
group War victory removes threat of Spanish,
French raids Mississippi, St. Marys rivers
form Georgias borders to west, south
Georgia Grows and Prospers Treaty of Augusta
with Creek in 1763 triples Georgias
size Other treaties add 2 million acres
population nearly 50,000 by 1766 Georgians
generally optimistic other colonies unhappy
with Britain
Map
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9
Americans see British efforts to tax them and to
increase control over the colonies as violations
of their rights.
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10
Britain Tightens Control
Trade, Taxes, and Troops
The Trade and Navigation Acts Facing war debt,
Britain tries to raise money within
colonies Acts of Trade allow sale of certain
colonial goods only to British - indigo,
tobacco, sugar, cotton Trade must go through
British ports taxes, port charges raise
costs Colonists angry, ignore laws feel
punished by Britain Customs agents search
warehouses, homes for illegal goods
Continued . . .
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11
continued Trade, Taxes, and Troops
The Sugar Act British want colonies to buy only
British sugar from West Indies Sugar Act,
1764foreign molasses tax reduced but strictly
enforced - harder for colonists to smuggle
molasses, avoid taxes Most resistance in New
England Parliament reduces tax in 1766
The Quartering Act Britain sends troops to
enforce laws, keep peace with Native
allies 1765 Quartering Act forces colonies to
house, feed, equip soldiers
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12
The Stamp Act
Wider Tax Causes Further Protests Sugar Act
affected merchants 1765 Stamp Act affects
almost everyone - all legal, commercial
documents must carry stamp showing tax
paid Colonists object to taxes without having
representation in Parliament - Taxation
without representation is tyranny, they
shout - Stamp Act Congress, 1765, nine colonies
send delegates to New York - declare Stamp Act
illegal, ask King George to repeal
Image
Continued . . .
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13
continued The Stamp Act
The Stamp Act in Georgia Governor Wright
supports Parliament Doesnt convene Assembly
no delegates sent to Stamp Act
Congress Georgia only colony to buy stamps
most wait, hope Act is repealed Fearing
threats to destroy stamps Wright moves them to
Fort George
Britain Repeals the Stamp Act Parliament fears
revolt, repeals Stamp Act in 1766 Declatory Act
passes, asserting complete control over
colonies
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14
The Townshend Acts
The Townshend Acts Charles Townshend becomes
finance minister if Britain in 1767 His
Townshend Acts tax imported goods such as tea,
paper, paint - expects no protest since tax is
collected at port before final sale Sons of
Liberty pressure merchants to not sell imported
items Daughters of Liberty rally colonists to
use and weave own cloth Colonists boycott
British goods, Georgia imports from other
partners
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15
Georgia Prepares for Independence
Georgians Consider Options Concerned Georgians
think of ways to become more independent Encou
rage colonists to make goods themselves, reduce
imports Suggest pledge to decrease
dependence boycott merchants who dont sign
pledge Actions do not force Britain to decrease
taxes conflict escalates
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Many colonists organize to oppose British
policies. The tensions between Britain and the
colonies lead to armed conflict.
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17
Colonial Resistance Grows
Shots in Boston
The Boston Massacre British soldiers in
Boston often harassed by citizens, called
redcoats March 5, 1770crowd and soldiers
argue, 50 surround one soldier - soldiers come
to his aid, fire into crowd, five colonists
killed - Sons of Liberty call event Boston
Massacre widely publicized British try
soldiers for murder, remove troops from Boston
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18
Problems Within Georgia
Youngest Colony Remains Dependent Governor
Wright loyal to England Commons House grows
anti-British Wright vetoes nomination of one
speaker who opposes British actions Acts
outrage many Georgians, but colony heavily
dependent on England Wright believes in
British laws changing policy through
negotiation Governor silences house opposition
by ending sessions early
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19
The Tea Act and Tea Parties
Committees of Correspondence Parliament repeals
tax acts keeps tea tax in place to show
power Bostons Samuel Adams encourages peaceful
boycotts, not violence - suggests committees
of correspondence spread news in colonies
Aiding the British East India Company Colonists
drink smuggled Dutch tea to protest Townshend
Act British East India Tea Company almost
bankrupt as result 1773 Tea Act gives British
company control of American tea trade
Continued . . .
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20
continued The Tea Act and Tea Parties
Angry Colonists React Sons of Liberty boycott
tea others block ships in New York,
Philadelphia Sons of Liberty organize Boston
Tea Party, December 16, 1773 - men disguised
as Mohawk Indians dump 342 tea chests into
harbor Charlestontea unloaded, left on docks
later sold to fund Revolution No tea shipped
to Savannah no protests in Georgia Parliament
wants to punish Massachusetts, warn other
colonies
Image
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21
The Intolerable Acts
Parliament Punishes Massachusetts Coercive Acts
pass in 1774 named Intolerable Acts by
colonists - closes Boston Harbor until tea paid
for - committees of correspondence banned,
town meetings limited - colonists required to
feed, house troops in their homes Gen.
Thomas Gage new Massachusetts governor
enforces Quartering Act Committees spread word,
call for meeting of colonial representatives
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22
The First Continental Congress
Declaration of Resolves First Continental
Congress meets in Philadelphia, September
1774 All colonies but Georgia, Florida send
delegates Continental Congress passes
Declaration of Resolves - boycott all British
trade until Intolerable Acts repealed - urge
Massachusetts to form a government to collect,
hold taxes advise civilians in all colonies to
arm, form militias
Continued . . .
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23
continued The First Continental Congress
Between Peace and War Most delegates not ready
to declare independence from Britain Congress
adjourns October 22, will meet in May if acts
still in place January 1775petitions,
Declaration of Resolves reach
Parliament Parliament sends tougher billallows
trade only with England Both sides are now
past compromise
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24
Georgians Consider the Intolerable Acts
The Committee of Thirty Small group meets at
Savannah tavern, summer 1774 to discuss
issues - need British troops to protect against
Native American attacks - need British
imports to trade with Creek, Cherokee Committ
ee of Thirty officially objects to Intolerable
Acts Rejects sending delegates to First
Continental Congress - Georgians divided on
supporting Continental Congress
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25
Georgia Support for the First Continental
Congress
Support Begins Locally Support grows in
parishes most Darien Scots strong
supporters Provincial congress held during 1775
Georgia Assembly Wright begs members to
consider consequences if England is
angered Despite Wrights pleas, Assembly
discusses colonial rights Provincial
congress selects delegates to Continental
Congress Wright adjourns Assembly before it can
approve delegates
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26
The Midnight Ride
Warning Lexington and Concord General Gage
learns Massachusetts militia has arms in
Concord John Hancock, Samuel Adams in nearby
Lexington Gage sends 700 troops to arrest
Hancock, Adams destroy weapons Paul Reveres
lantern signals alert colonists on troop
movements Revere, William Dawes ride to
Lexington to warn citizens Both stopped in
Lexington William Prescott carries news to
Concord
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27
Lexington and Concord
First Battles of American Revolution British
reach Lexington at dawn, April 19, find militia
waiting Militia refuses order to drop muskets,
8 killed in fighting British march to
Concord, burn courthouse, destroy
weapons Fighting at North Bridge drives British
back, reinforcements arrive Battles at
Lexington and Concord are first of American
Revolution
Map
Continued . . .
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28
continued Lexington and Concord
The Shot Heard Round the World Battle at
Concord changes life in colonies Colonists must
decide if they are Loyalists or
Patriots - Loyalistsremain loyal to Britain,
also called Tories - Patriotsrebel against
Britain, also called Whigs
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29
Loyalists and Patriots in Georgia
Mixed Feelings on Independence Georgians are
divided over loyalty to Britain - colony doing
well with British assistance - hate British
taxes, want more colonial representation Loya
lists Germans at Ebenezer, older Georgians,
recent immigrants Patriots St. Johns Parish,
Scots in Darien, Jews in Savannah Conflict
divides communities, families, friends
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