Session 2: The project cycle and Sphere

1
Session 2The project cycle and Sphere
2
Learning objectives
To describe the steps in the project cycle and
how Sphere may be used to improve humanitarian
management
To define the purpose of assessment in the
humanitarian response
To describe how standards and checklists can
enhance assessment
To demonstrate how to use the Sphere handbook
in problem analysis.
To demonstrate how to use the Sphere handbook
in project planning
3
Context issues
Economic, social, political
Climate and geography
Organisational
Cultural, psychological
Gender issues
Human rights issues
Societal norms and local coping capacities
4
The project cycle
Monitor Evaluate
Analyse
Plan, designRedesign
Implement
ADVOCACY
5
Session 2 AssessmentsSphere and
Assessments
6
The project cycle
Monitor Evaluate
Analyse
Plan, designRedesign
Implement
ADVOCACY
7
Balancing speed and accuracy in assessments
1 SPEED
2 ACCURACY
3 UTILITY
AccuracyTime
f
Utility of assessment findings
InterWorks
8
Information constraints
9
Common standard 2
Initial assessment Assessments provide an
understanding of the emergency situation and a
clear analysis of threats to life, dignity,
health and livelihoods to determine, in
consultation with relevant authorities whether
an external intervention is required and, if so,
the nature of the response.
Find references to assessment in the handbook
10
Assessment standards in Sphere
Common standard 2 initial assessment
Checklists for initial assessments
1 Water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion
2 Food security, nutrition and food aid
3 Shelter, settlement and non-food items
4 Health services
11
Using Sphere to mitigate bias
Wider community context
Organisational mandate or specialty
BIAS
To a person with a hammer in their hand
every problem looks like a nail
Humanitarian needs
Resources
12
How to reduce bias
Triangulation varing techniques indicators
of same event info sources team composition
Coordination
Joint assessments
Adherence to baseline standards
InterWorks/UNHCR
13
Session 3Using Sphere in analysis
14
The project cycle
Assess
Monitor Evaluate
Analyse
Plan, designRedesign
Implement
ADVOCACY
15
Some analytical lenses
Gaps in available resources
Social, political and economic
Use and control of resources
Demographic compositions
Technical and sectorial
Capacities and vulnerabilities
16
Capacity and vulnerability analysis
Vulnerabilities
Capacities
17
The problem tree
Emergency
Distress
Effects
Causes
18
Domistan map
Neighbouring country
Mountains
North Town
Plateau
South Town
Sea
CAPITAL
Delta
W
N
S
E
19
Group Work

• Agree on five (5) priority issues (rows) for your
  sector
• Conduct a diagnosis of those issues / rows (Is it
  above or below the benchmark / indicators defined
  in the Sphere handbook?)
• Choose a focal problem and draw a problem tree
  (problem, effect, causes)

20
Session 4Sphere and programme planning
21
The project cycle
Assess
Monitor Evaluate
Analyse
Plan, designRedesign
Implement
ADVOCACY
22
Starting a Log Frame

• Based on your problem tree.
• Develop Your Programme Goal (Impact)
• Develop one Objective (Outcome, Effect)
• Develop two Activities (Outputs)
• Decide on Realistic Verifiable Indicators that
  will signal the successful achievement of outputs
  and outcome
• Note Assumptions.

23
Example
Emergency
Distress
Effects
Causes
24
For Example

• Goal
• To minimise the distress to the conflict affected
  population thru the provision of emergency
  healthcare (pg 17)
• Objective
• To reduce U5 mortality to international average
  U5MR of 0.5 (pg 261)
• Activities
• Conduct a measles vacc campaign to ensure that
  coverage reaches 95 in the refugee population
  (pg. 275)
• Distribute Insecticide Treated Bed-nets to 80 of
  U5 refugee children. (pg. 283)

25
Feedback

• Your priorities as an organisation why?
• Your focal problems and causes why?
• Your programme development so far?
• 5min only

26
Summary
Determine activities
Select indicator and justify
Determine levels of response
Clarify what programmes can achieve
Use a common language to enable coordination
27
BREAK!
28
Domistan case study
Disposable, non-portable assets being sold
Excess mortality andlife without dignity
CAUSES
29
Water and sanitation problem tree
30
Shelter problem tree
31
Health problem tree
32
Nutrition problem tree
33
Food security problem tree
Lack of dignity and Malnutrition