Fluency

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Fluency

• Jane Fleming
• K-2 Curriculum Specialist
• Vance County Schools

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What is reading fluency?

• Fluency is the ability to read with
• speed
• accuracy
• appropriate expression
• comprehension

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What are the benefits?

• Comprehension improves.
• More text is read in the same time.
• Reading is more enjoyable.

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What does research show?

• Rereading aloud FOUR times with feedback is
  effective
• Amount of reading and reading achievement are
  linked
• Meaningful oral reading is important
• (not round robin)

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Round-RobinAlternatives

• Paired Reading
• Partner/Buddy Reading
• Shared Reading
• Choral Reading
• Readers Theater
• Listening to Read-Aloud
• Listening to Recorded Reading

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What impacts fluency?

• Accuracy
• Reading widely and often
• Participating in meaningful oral reading
• Listening to teachers read aloud DAILY

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Why do some children fail to read fluently?

• Lack of exposure
• The good-reader syndrome
• Lack of practice time
• Frustration
• Missing the why of reading

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Basic Principles of Fluency Instruction

• Bridge between identifying words and making
  meaning
• Meaning as the goal
• Multiple readings
• Appropriate level of text
• Teacher modeling, demonstrating, and thinking out
  loud

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Repeated Reading

• Helps readers recall facts
• Is excellent study strategy
• Helps students remember important information
• Results in improved comprehension
• Promotes faster reading with greater accuracy
• Helps break word-by-word reading

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Examples of Repeated Reading

• Radio Reading
• Say It Like the Character
• Mumble Reading
• Cooperative Repeated Reading
• Listening Center Reading
• Phrases and Short Sentences
• Performance Reading

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Teacher Read-Aloud

• Prepare
• Model by Thinking Aloud
• Respond after Read Aloud
• Oral Response
• Visual Response
• Written Response
• Physical Response

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Fluency Strategies

• Use the punctuation as you read.
• Stress a word in bold print or in all capital
  letters.
• Change your voice for different characters.
• Read in phrases or complete sentences.
• Use your voice to show a characters feelings.

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Teaching the Strategies

• 3 Step Introduction Before Reading
• Think Aloud Model
• Zoom In Summary
• State the Strategy
• Prompt During Reading.
• Students Share How They Used Strategy After
  Reading.

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Building Reading Fluency

• Match Materials to Abilities.
• Model Good Oral Reading.
• Provide Support for Readers.
• Offer Daily Practice Opportunities.
• Use Repeated Readings of One Text.
• Cue Phrase Boundaries in Text.

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Assessing Reading Fluency

• Informal assessment
• Words read correctly per minute
• One-minute reading probe
• Entire text method
• Target number of WCPM by end of
• First grade 60
• Second grade 90

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Criteria to ConsiderwhenAssessing Reading
Fluency

• Speed
• Automaticity
• Phrasing
• Prosody

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Early Assessments

• Check accuracy and speed on tasks
• Phonemic Awareness
• Alphabet Recognition
• Sight Words

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When do you begin fluency instruction?

• Students can read connected text with 90
  accuracy.
• Students have basic knowledge about words.
• Students have concepts of print.

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Classroom Instruction

• Basic Sight Words
• Language Experience
• Shared Book Experience
• Echo Reading
• Choral Reading
• Antiphonal Reading
• Readers Theater

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Classroom InstructionContinued

• Oral Recitation Lesson
• Fluency Development Lesson
• Say It Like the Character
• Super Signals
• Phrase Boundaries

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A Closer Look at our Resource Book, Fluency

• Tips for
• Paired Reading
• Working with a Tutor
• Repeated Reading
• Forms for
• Partners
• Tutors
• Reading While Listening
• Scripts for Readers Theater

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Taking Fluency back to theClassroom

• Make fluency a reading goal
• Use activities to help students develop fluency
• Do not turn to skill and drill
• Help teachers recognize the importance of fluency

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The Big IdeaFluency Instruction

• Each person write 5 words that come to mind when
  you think of FLUENCY INSTRUCTION.
• Share at your table and together create a
  sentence of 10 or less words to capture FLUENCY
  INSTRUCTION.