LIBSPOSSOC 245: City and Citizenship 02112004

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• Course Agenda Today.
• Questions from last week?
• Website http//faculty.roosevelt.edu/erickson/cou
  rses/pos245spr04/.
• Readings/Lecture.
• Processes of urban change.
• Periodization of American Urban Development -
  Harrigan Vogel.
• Definitions of urban and city - Pacione and
  Harrigan and Vogle.
• Early urbanization - Pacione and video Roman
  City.
• Presentations Format.
• Topic suggestions distributed.

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• Space and Scale.
• Space as a social construct.
• Not given - product of social relations.
• Levels of analysis.
• Processes working across levels.
• Local and historical contingency.
• Manifestation/impact of dynamics are mediated by
  hsitory and unique properties of local areas.
• Process of urban change.
• Urbanization.
• Suburbanization.
• Exurbanization.
• Counterurbanization.
• Reurbanization.

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• Harrign and Vogel.
• Vulnerable cities.
• Fourth historical era?
• 9/11 occurred at the peak of US robust economic
  growth of 1990s.
• Urban areas benefited from this growth.
• Contrasting with image of cities in crisis from
  at least late 1960s through early 1990s.
• Challenges to cities in early 21st century.
• Terrorism (internal/external).
• Rioting.
• Globalization.
• Economic downturns/jobless recovery?

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• 9/11 and rapid return to normalcy
• Fierce urban politics after the initial shock of
  9/11.
• Debates about configuration of memorial.
• Compensation for victims families.
• Health problems of first responders.
• Possible exploitation by politicians (e.g.
  republican 2004 Convention in New York City.
• Normalcy.
• Political bias.
• Politics according to Lasswell who gets what
  benefits, when they get them and how they get
  them.
• Class bias, ethnic bias.
• Political change.
• Evolution and interdependent socio-economic
  processes.

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• Periodization.
• 1830s to 1930s Ethnic and Machine Politics.
• 1930s - 1970s Functional Fiefdoms.
• 1960s - Present Dependent City.
• Three broad evolutionary changes.
• Power on ethnic and ward basis.
• Power organized on functional basis.
• Dependent city - power dispersed/fragmented,
  central city loses dominance.

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• Fragmentation of urban government.
• Public choice - positive - choose where to live
  based on variation in services.
• Pluralist theory - positive - multiple paths for
  participation and influence.
• Newton.
• Fragmentation negative.
• Affluent separating from larger urban structures.
• Regional governance difficult.
• Weak government strong corporate and business
  actors.

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• Political Power.
• Context of power.
• Structure of power.
• Public versus private power.
• Privatism and privitization.

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• Pacione Concepts and Theory in Urban Geography.
• Defining the Urban.
• Population. United States. United Nations.
• US 2,500 urban. Urbanized areas, 50,000. Urban
  clusters, 2,500 to 50,000. MA, 50,000 or more.
  MSAs, PMSAs, and CMSA, 1,000,000 or more.
• Economic base.
• Administrative.
• Functional.
• Urban as Quality.
• Cognitive Mapping.
• Urbanism as a way of life.
• Rural-urban continuum as questionable construct -
  why?

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• Theoretical Perspectives on Urbanism (continued).
• Environmentalism.
• Positivism.
• Behavioralism. Humanism.
• Structuralism.
• Managerialism.
• Post-modernism.
• Moral Philosophy.
• Generalization versus exceptionalism.

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• Origins and Growth of Cities.
• Human history as a succession of
  revolutions/transformations.
• Revolutions and urbanization.
• Agricultural Revolution.
• Pre-Industrial Revolution.
• Industrial Revolution.
• Future Revolutions?
• Theories of Urban Origin.
• Hydraulic.
• Economic.
• Military.
• Religious.
• Multi-causal.

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• Urban Hearths.
• Mesopotamia. 3500bc.
• Indus Valley. 2500bc.
• Yellow River. 1800bc.
• Mesoamerica. 200bc.
• Spread/Diffusion of Urbanism.
• Class pyramid and residential patterns.
• Greek City-states.
• Roman Empire.
• Exports model of urbanization.
• Grid.
• Forum/agora.
• Foundation for major urban settlements in Europe.

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• Roman City.
• PBS 1994.
• Emmy Award 1993-1994.
• Video discussion questions distributed.
• Discussion of Questions.
• Industrial Cities.
• American Urbanization (Pacione).
• Stage 1 Sailing Vessel/Horse Drawn Wagon.
• Stage 2 Steam and Iron, Rail 1830-1870.
• Stage 3 Steam and Steel, 1870-1920.
• Stage 4 Automobile and Air, 1920-1970.
• Stage 5 The Age of Deconcentration.

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LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship02/11/2004

• Harrign and Vogel.
• Urbanization of America, 1840-1920.
• Metropolitanization of America.
• Migration Stages.
• First Wave - Mainstream Migrants, 1845-1895.
• Second Wave - European Ethnic Minorities,
  1845-1924.
• Third Wave - Rural South to North, 1910-1970.
• Fourth Wave - Contemporary Urban Migrants,
  1961-present.