High Voltage

1
High Voltage

• Electrical Protection Systems

2
Electrical Standards

• Standards
• Cable for networks
• Grounding
• Bonding
• Firewalls

3
Cable Standards

• NEC
• Published by NFPA
• Revised ever 3 years
• Minimum safety requirements
• Electrical wiring
• Grounding
• Most states is law

4
NEC Standard

• How cable burns
• Time cable takes to catch fire
• How long it will burn
• Cable cover is plastic
• Create toxic smoke
• Standard
• Where cable can be used

5
Plenums/Firewalls

• Standard for NFPA
• Adapted by ANSI
• Cable
• Amount of smoke
• Type of gasses
• Important gt cable used in ventilation spaces
  Plenum
• Not allow spread of toxic gases
• Firewalls
• Walls gt Fireproof material
• Prevent spread of fires
• Puncture firewall
• Wires need to go through
• Must be filled with fire stopping materials

6
Grounding/Bonding

• TIA/EIA 607
• Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding
  Requirements for Telecommunications
• Multi vendor
• Multi product
• Other items
• Closeness of network to High Voltage wiring
• Lighting Ground wire
• Grounding rods

7
Power Fundamentals

• Network equipment and components need AC
• HTI does not work with electrical wiring
• Important to understand fundamentals
• Voltage and current
• High Voltage
• 120/240 volts residential
• 120 volts gt North America
• 240 volts gt everywhere else
• Low Voltage
• Ex 48 volts on phone lines

8
High Voltage Terminology

• Circuit
• Wiring controlled by fuse or circuit breaker
• Ampere
• Circuit Breaker
• Protect devices shuts power off
• Main Breaker
• Turns power off on whole house
• Breaker Box
• Houses circuit breakers
• Neutral Bus bar
• Metal bar gt neutral wires connected
• Rough-in
• Placement of outlets, switches, lights
• Volt
• Measure current pressure gt VIR
• Watt
• Measure of energy consumption gt 60 watts or 90
  watts

9
Ohms Law

• P power measure in watts
• Power energy consumed
• Power VI
• Volts Amps
• Ohms law
• VIR
• IV/R
• RV/I

10
AC/DC Current

• AC
• Alternating Current
• Used in homes
• Reverses direction
• 60 hertz gt 60 sine waves per second
• DC
• Direct Current
• Constant value
• Does not change direction
• Batteries

11
Electricity

• Home via power linesgt AC
• Transformer
• Increase
• Decrease
• Appliances use different voltages
• PC power transformer
• 5 Volts
• 12 Volts

12
Home Requirements

• Size of circuit breakers
• Size of wire (AWG) to outlet
• 20 amp motor
• Requires 20 amp circuit breaker
• Safety
• 15 amp circuit breaker
• 14 AWG wire for outlets
• Devices with highest amp not to exceed 15 amps
• Assume all devices will not be used at same time
• Too many lights on circuit
• Lights will appear dim
• Ex Plug in Iron
• Homes
• Wires and utilities
• 20 amp circuits gt AW/V AmpsWatts/Volts

13
SAFETY

• HTI works with low voltage
• Voltage applied to data cables is not noticed by
  people
• Voltage used by network devices
• 120 to 240 volts
• If circuit fails
• HTI could receive shock/die
• NOTE Do not become complacent with high-voltage
• Difficult to control muscles
• Difficult to get away

14
SAFETY

• Detect unsafe voltages
• Electricity can cause serious injury or death
• Hazardous voltages found in work areas
• Keep eye
• Circuit breakers with covers removed
• Frayed cords
• Loose cords
• Damaged equipment
• Pay attention
• Other devices in area
• Other workers in area
• One-Hand Rule
• Never touch live cable with both hands
• Completes circuit
• Keep 1 hand in pocket

15
Cutting/Drilling

• HTI needs to make hole to route wire
• Safety must be observed
• Hit live wire
• Hit gas pipe
• Not dangerous but costly to repair
• Data Wire
• Telephone wire
• Water pipes
• NOTE Consult building blueprints before drilling
  in walls or floors

16
Lightning

• Source of high voltage
• Can be fatal
• Safety steps
• Outside wiring needs grounding
• Compliance with local standards
• Do not run wires between buildings without proper
  protection
• Avoid wires in wet areas
• Never install during storms

17
Electricity

• Plan for power interruption or failures
• Blackouts
• Complete loss of power
• Brownouts
• Voltage drops
• 80 of normal voltage
• Sags
• Less than a second brownout
• Noise
• Interference gt EMI/RFI
• Spike
• Increase in voltage gt Higher than normal
• Lightning strike or electricity comes on after
  blackout
• Surge
• Brief increase in voltage gt last some time

18
UPS

• Uninterruptible power supply
• Allows equipment to run for short period of time
  after power lost
• Protects
• Power surges
• Spikes
• Brownouts
• Contains battery
• Comes on when senses power loss
• Software
• Can save data and shutdown PC
• UPS Rating
• Rated at 1000 watts for 1 hour
• Will operate device that uses 1000 watts for 1
  hour

19
Surge Protectors

• Protects against surges and spikes
• MOV
• Metal Oxide Veristor
• Most common surge protector
• Directs excess voltage to ground
• Can still damage equipment
• Whole House Surge Protection
• Protects against power line surges
• Telephone lines
• Communication lines

20
Power adapter

• Supplied by equipment manufacturer
• 120 volts gt Voltage rated for use in specified
  equipment
• If not used it could damage equipment
• DO NOT swap adapters among equipment even if
  rated for same voltage output

21
Grounding

• Connect electrical signals to earth
• Uses ground conductor
• Most houses are grounded
• How to install Ground electrode
• NEC handbook
• Section 250.52

22
Electrostatic Discharge

• Static Electricity
• Wall on carpet example
• ESD gt Discharge on network cable
• Electrostatic discharge
• Damage or destroy devices or components
• Not harmful to humans
• Disastrous to devices
• Protect devices always work with
• Protective surface
• ESD wrist band

23
Electrical Equipment

• Location of equipment gt power outlets
• Accommodate for future installs
• Minimize extension cords
• Electrical Outlets
• Supply power to devices
• DO NOT combine low-voltage with high-voltage
  receptacles
• Electric Wire Termination
• 3 Wire conductors
• Neutral gt Large
• Hot gt Small
• Ground gt DOT
• 120 volts gt 15 to 20 amps

24
Test Voltage

• Multi meter
• AC Voltage range selected
• Black probe (Negative) gt Ground slot
• Red probe (Positive) gt HOT slot
• This will show voltage

25
Switches

• UL
• Underwriter laboratories
• 2 Testing
• AC general use snap switches
• Toggle switch
• AC/DC general use switches
• Types of switches
• Interchangeable switches
• Door switches
• Key switches
• Wet location switches
• Low-voltage switches
• Transform high to low voltages gt 120 to 12v

26
Lighting Fixtures

• Light bulbs
• Rated in watts
• 2 Categories
• Fluorescent
• Incandescent
• Both can be surface mounted or suspended from
  ceiling
• Security
• Light all side specially dark areas
• Outside floodlights
• Setup in down angle
• Proportionate to size of home

27
Electrical Wiring

• Devices need AC power
• Residential power installed by electrician
• Electrical media
• 3 Types
• NM cable
• MC cable
• AC cable

28
Electrical Media

• Nonmetallic-sheathed cable
• 2 Wire cable
• 1 white wire
• 1 black wire
• If 3 wire
• Additional red cable
• Wire gauges increase (AWG) size decreases
• 2 AWG is larger than 4 AWG
• MC cable
• Metal clad cable
• Conductors
• Copper
• Aluminum
• Copper-clad aluminum
• AC
• Armored Cable or BX cable
• 2 Conductors
• 2 Wire 1 white and 1 black
• 3 wire gt 1 White, 1 red and 1 black