HAZARDOUS WASTE

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HAZARDOUS WASTE POLLUTION
FELIX RIZK
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EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS WASTES

• Hazardous waste should have one or more of the
  following flammability, corrosivity,
  reactivity, or toxicity.
• Extremely hazardous waste a kind of hazardous
  waste which can cause an irreversible health
  damage from one or more exposures carcinogens,
  teratogens, mutagens.

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There are 70,000 chemicals used by man 50 are
hazardous!
Radioactive wastes High and low-levels
Organic compounds
Hazardous wastes
Synthetic or non- biodegradable forms from oil
industry Plastics, pesticides, Solvents,
textiles, Detergents, transformer Oil.
Heavy metals used in Paints, dyes, inks,
some medications, electronics, some Pesticides
BODY BURDEN
Natural biodegradable
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Body Burden
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Properties of SOCs

• Non-biodegradable
• Toxic in high doses mutagenic, carcinogenic,
  teratogenic.
• Bioaccumulates in small doses accumulation in
  the tissues of an animal, particularly in fat
  tissues the body cannot break them down.
• Biomagnification amplifying the concentrations
  of SOCs at higher trophic levels (up a food
  chain).

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Rizks Fish Advisory

• Avoid eating large, older fish. Why?
• Avoid eating freshwater fish. Why?
• Avoid eating carnivorous fish. Why?
• If you must choose, pelagic fish are safer than
  benthic fish. Why?

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PESTICIDES

• Any substance used to kill pests herbicides,
  insecticides, fungicides, etc.
• 50 humans/year die from pesticide poisoning.
  20,000 exposed develop cancer each year.
• Most powerful insecticides are SOCs - DDT.
• Magic Bullet because 1) only killed the target
  organism. 2) inexpensive, and 3) insoluble in
  water. But discovered to be soluble in fats, a
  nerve toxin, bioaccumulates, and very persistent
  in the environment (non-biodegradable).

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Pesticides Contamination
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Pesticide Contaminated Foods

• Strawberries
• Bell Peppers
• Spinach
• Cherries
• Peaches
• Cantaloupe (from Mexico).

• Celery
• Apples
• Apricots
• Green beans
• Winter grapes(Chile)
• Cucumbers
• See www.ewg.org

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Hazardous Waste Disposal

• 3 major incidences (Cuyahoga River Fire, Valley
  of Drums, Love Canal Incidence) since the 1960s
  lead to a host of new environmental U.S. laws
• 1970 - CAA
• 1972 - CWA
• 1974 - SDWA
• 1976 - RCRA (keeping track of haz. wastes)
• 1980 - CERCLA/superfund (cleaning up old haz.
  wastes sites some on NPL).
• 1984 - SARA (owner liability for cleanup
  introduced).

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National Priorities List (NPL) Per State
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