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Performancebased Standards PbS

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Title: Performancebased Standards PbS


1
  • Performance-based Standards (PbS)
  • for Youth Correction and Detention Facilities
  • National Juvenile Justice Network 6th Annual
    Forum
  • Kim Godfrey, Deputy Director
  • Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators
  • Thursday, June 26, 2008
  • Chicago

2
PbS Measuring Performance and Improvement
  • Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators
    (CJCA)
  • National non-profit organization dedicated to
    improvement of youth correctional services and
    practices so youths succeed when they return to
    the community
  • Unites nations youth correctional CEOs to
    promote best practices, address common concerns
    and provide leadership for juvenile justice
  • Directs several grant projects MacArthur
    Foundation Model for Change, Annual Directors
    Leadership Conference, New Directors Seminar,
    Suicide Prevention Resource Center
  • Yearbook, Newsletter, website resources and
    connections
  • www.cjca.net
  • PbS Learning Institute PbS and Community-based
    Standards (CbS) for residential programs

3
Presentation Overview
  • How PbS was developed
  • The scope of PbS Standards and Outcomes
  • How PbS works
  • 15 minutes!
  • www.pbstandards.org or Help_at_pbstandards.org for
    more information

4
PbS
  • Guiding principal
  • Run every facility as if the next child coming
    in is your own.
  • Cycle to break the cycle of institutions
  • Calm/positive staff-youth interaction
  • Crackdown on crime, crowding, deterioration,
    predatory youths, escapes, staff abuses
  • Exposure, investigation, Blue Ribbon Commissions
  • Reform/ return to calm
  • Continuous improvement process
  • Highest standards, practices measured 2x year
  • NOT one-time accreditation, pass/fail
    certification

5
(No Transcript)
6
CRIPA Analysis 2006
  • Mapped 10 years of investigations with PbS
  • Conclusion Facilities that implement PbS as
    intended and should not expect a CRIPA
    investigation because CRIPA investigates based on
    failure to meet the bare minimum Constitutional
    standards and PbS sets the highest standards for
    operational success.

7
Mental Health
DOJs Standard - A general deviation from
providing adequate care and protection that would
include a complete medical (including dental),
mental health and suicide screening of new
admissions. A review of the screening process
will include the following all screenings must
be conducted by qualified individuals who have
been trained to conduct such screenings initial
screenings should be reviewed and signed by a
qualified professional and the initial screening
must include the taking of the youths medical
history and a review of accompanying health
records.
  • PbS Goal - To identify and effectively respond to
    youths health, mental health and related
    behavioral problems throughout the course of
    confinement through the use of professionally-appr
    opriate diagnostic, treatment and prevention
    protocols.
  • Standard - Identify youths at time of admission
    who have acute health problems or crisis mental
    health situations and following evaluation,
    ensure delivery of appropriate health or mental
    health services.

8
DOJ PbS
  • Outcome Measures
  • Percent of youths that had a complete intake
    screening by trained and qualified staff.
  • Percent of youths presented for admission that
    had a complete intake screening (suicide, mental
    health and health) completed within one hour or
    less by trained and qualified staff.
  • Expected Practices
  • All youths presented for admission receive a
    complete health, mental health, and suicide
    intake screening.
  • Staff assigned to do intakes are deemed qualified
    by state law and policy and/or agency policy.
    Qualification depends on education, training
    and/or certification requirements.
  • Constitutional, Statutory and/or Case Law
  • Constitutionally mandated right to adequate
    medical care, a concept that embraces mental
    health treatment and suicide prevention measures.
    See Patten v. Nichols, 274 F.3d 829, 835 (4th
    Cir. 2001)
  • Youths in juvenile justice institutions receive
    adequate mental health care. Youngberg, 457 U.S.
    at 323, n.30 Nelson, 491 F.2d at 360 see also
    K.H. v. Morgan, 914 F.2d 846, 851 (7th Cir.
    1990)
  • In assessing the constitutional adequacy of
    mental health practices consider if professional
    decisions substantially depart from accepted
    professional judgment. See Youngberg, 457 U.S.
    at 323
  • Minimum Measures Needed to Rectify Deficiencies
  • Facilities must have sufficient mental health
    and medical staff to meet the serious mental
    health and medical needs of their youth
    population.
  • Facilities should develop and implement a mental
    health and suicide risk screening instrument for
    use in all of their facilities. They should also
    develop and implement a training program for
    staff who will administer the screenings. Only a
    qualified mental health professional should
    conduct an intake screening for each youth as
    soon as practicable upon admission to any
    facility.

9
PbS History
  • Perception high crime rates late 1980s, early
    1990s super predators and nothing works
  • Institution was placement of choice
  • What went on behind razor wire fences was
    ignored, unknown and largely avoided public
    perception formed by press, horrific incident
  • Data usually meant someone was about to sue
  • Recidivism not accurate measure of effectiveness
  • Reality about 3,000 facilities holding about
    100,000 youths daily numbers decreasing

10
1994 Conditions of Confinement Study
  • About 1,000 secure facilities and found
    substantial and widespread deficiencies
  • High rates of youths and staff getting hurt
  • High rates of suicidal behavior
  • Few timely or professional health screenings
  • High levels of staff turnover
  • Adherence to existing standards did not mean
    better facility

11
1995 PbS Launched to Address COC Problems
  • OJJDP selected the Council of Juvenile
    Correctional Administrators (CJCA) to direct and
    develop the project
  • Basic belief a youths time in confinement
    should be a positive experience that provides
    help so the youth will succeed when back in the
    community
  • Guiding principals First key to sustaining
    success
  • Facilities should be places wed feel comfortable
    sending our own children
  • Set standards at highest level of performance,
    not minimums
  • Gradually transfer knowledge, skills and
    ownership of PbS from project to field
  • Field driven to be meaningful and useful
    feedback
  • Start with all stakeholders, related agencies at
    the table
  • Create meaningful and user-friendly performance
    measures

12
PbS Development Process
  • National Advisory Board CJCA, NJDA, ACA, YLC,
    ABA-JJ, MH, CEA, NCCD
  • Working group on each function area Safety,
    Order, Security, Health/Mental Health,
    Programming, Justice, and Reintegration
    comprised of experts, practitioners, advocates,
    researchers developed outcome measures to
    indicate performance related to standards
  • Pilot, revise, field test, revise, implement
  • feedback loop

13
Performance Outcomes - Examples
  • Rates of injuries as indication of level of
    safety
  • Percentage of youths improving math and reading
    scores from pre-test to post-test indicating
    effectiveness of education program
  • Number of instances youths placed in isolation
    and average duration to describe behavior
    management system and sense of order
  • Interview youths and staff to ask about
    perception of safety reported as percentages who
    report fear describe quality of life for youths
    and staff

14
PbS Participants 2008
  • 185 sites in 30 states
  • 36 distinct jurisdictions
  • 119 correction, 56 detention and 10 assessment
    centers
  • 18 female-only facilities
  • gt100 beds 51
  • lt50 beds93
  • 50-99 beds41
  • Indiana, Texas and New York facilities will
    participate in October 2008
  • 17 new sites

15
How PbS Works The Blueprint
  • A set of seven goals and 27 standards for
    corrections and 19 standards for detention
    facilities to assess
  • Safety
  • Order
  • Security
  • Health and mental health
  • Programming
  • Justice
  • Reintegration (Corrections Only)
  • Performance toward meeting each standard is
    measured using one or more outcome measures,
    which are compared over time and to other
    participating facilities.
  • PbS is a standards based performance improvement
    measurement system

16
PbS Standard Layout
Each of the seven areas are formatted in the
following manner Area XXX Goal XXX1 Performanc
e Standard
17
PbS Goals
  • Safety To engage in management practices that
    promote the safety and well-being of staff and
    youths.
  • Order To establish clear expectations of
    behavior and an accompanying system of
    accountability for youths and staff that promote
    mutual respect, self discipline and order.
  • Security To protect public safety and to provide
    a safe environment for youths and staff, an
    essential condition for learning and treatment to
    be effective.
  • Programming To provide meaningful opportunities
    and services to youths to improve their
    educational and vocational competence, to
    effectively address underlying behavioral
    problems and to prepare them for responsible
    lives in the community.

18
PbS Goals
  • Justice To operate the facility in a manner
    consistent with principles of fairness and that
    provides the means of ensuring and protecting
    youths and familys legal rights.
  • Health and Mental Health To identify and
    effectively respond to residents health, mental
    health, and related behavioral problems
    throughout the course of confinement through the
    use of professionally appropriate diagnostic,
    treatment, and prevention protocols
  • Reintegration To prepare youths for successful
    reintegration into the community while they
    reside at the facility

19
PbS Outcome Measures
20
How PbS Works Improvement Cycle
  • April and October are data collection months.
  • Draft Site report is received within 48 hours of
    close of data entry.
  • Data corrections are made to anomalies, not
    recorded and outliers
  • Final Site Reports are generated along with
    summary reports for all data collection forms 14
    days after receipt of the draft reports
  • Improvement plan is developed and entered into
    website with targeted outcome measures.

21
Data Collection
  • Administrative Form
  • 1 per site, 46 questions
  • Incident Reports
  • All incident reports for data collection period
    (12,849)
  • Youth Record
  • 30 random YR, 93 questions (5274)
  • Youth Climate Survey
  • 30 random youths, 38 questions (5668)
  • Staff Climate Survey
  • 30 random staff, 38 questions
  • (5999)
  • Youth Exit Interview
  • All youths released since last data collection,
    24 questions
  • (5899)
  • Ongoing data entry

22
Site Reports and Analysis
  • Individual outcome measures
  • Grouping by area
  • Comparison over time
  • Comparison to field average
  • Outcome measures selected for improvement
  • Critical outcome measures
  • Tools correcting outcomes, dashboard

23
Analysis Tools and Reports
24
Jurisdictional Reports
25
Omnibus Report
26
Facility Improvement Plans (FIPs)
  • Components of a Sites FIP
  • Targeted Outcome Measures
  • Targeted Outcome Measure Goals
  • What is the problem?
  • Action Steps
  • Progress Notes
  • Ongoing Review by Facility Administrator , PbS
    State Coordinator, and PbS Coach

27
PbS Levels of Achievement
28
Performance Profile
29
Performance Profile Sample Size
30
Performance Profile Critical Outcome Measures
31
(No Transcript)
32
Outcome Measure Example Order
  • Goal To establish clear expectations of behavior
    and an accompanying system of accountability for
    youths and staff that promote mutual respect,
    self discipline and order.
  • Standards
  • Maximize responsible behavior by youth and staff
    and conformance to facility rules
  • Minimize the facilitys use of restrictive and
    coercive means of responding to disorder
  • Maximize opportunities for youths to participate
    in activities and programs.
  • Outcome Measures Incidents of youth misconduct
    use of physical restraint use of mechanical
    restraint use of isolation or room confinement
    and average duration of isolation or room
    confinement.

33
Order 3 Physical Restraint Use
  • The denominator is constructed using the total
    number of youth population for the month (4841)
  • The numerator is constructed from incident
    reports of all physical restraints
  • Raw score for the April 2008 data collection was
    26 physical restraints

34
Outcome Measure Examples Safety
  • Goal To engage in management practices that
    promote the safety and well-being of staff and
    youths.
  • Standards
  • Protect youth and staff from intentional and
    accidental injuries
  • Promote management practices and behavior that
    minimize harm resulting form the use of
    restraints, isolation and environmental risks
  • Protect youth and staff from fear.
  • Outcome Measures Number of injuries to youths
    number of injuries to staff number of injuries
    to youths by other youths incidents of suicidal
    behavior with and without injury by youths
    percent of youths and staff reporting that they
    fear for their safety.

35
Safety 3 Injuries to Staff
  • The denominator is constructed using the total
    number of direct care staff hours for the month
    (3666.125)
  • The numerator is constructed from incident
    reports of all staff injuries
  • Raw score for the April 2008 data collection was
    2 injuries

36
Safety 2 Youth Injuries per 100 person- days of
youth confinement
  • 35 youth injury events in October 2002 data
    collection
  • The April 2008 detention field average rate of
    youth injury was 0.609
  • South Carolina Detention rate of youth injury for
    April 2008 was 0.327 which was 10 injury events
  • Consistently below the field average for the last
    6 data collections

37
Dashboard
38
Why PbS Works
  • PbS gives facilities data, twice year, showing
    levels of safety, order, security, programming,
    health/mental health services, justice and
    reintegration
  • PbS improvement process guides facilities in ways
    to use the information to identify what works and
    celebrate success as well as see what is not
    working and a structured path to create change
  • Improves accountability facilities have data to
    share
  • Prevents future incidents, lawsuits by improving
    compliance with best practices and high standards
  • Identifies progress over time, compared to other
    facilities
  • Ongoing, personalized customer support
  • Access to resources, networking across USA
  • (Yale School of Managements Survey of PbS Users)

39
How do we know?
  • Field testimonials word-of-mouth and money
  • 2004 Innovations in American
  • Government Award
  • CRIPA analysis Legal protection
  • PbS Research Each kids individual experience
    best way to impact facility safety positive
    interactions youths and staff
  • www.pbstandards.org
  • Help_at_pbstandards.org
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