Computers Hardware and Software

1
Computers- Hardware and Software

• EIT Preparation
• Autar Kaw
• Mechanical Engineering

2
Syllabus

• Storage
• Data Transmission
• Algorithm
• Flow Charts
• Spreadsheets

3
Computers- Hardware and Software

• All computers have three main components

Main Memory
Output Device
Input Device
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Definitions

• Microprocessor
• Large-Scale Integration
• Control Unit
• Accumulators
• Program Counter
• Instruction Register
• Stacks

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More Definitions

• Bus or Channel
• Address Bus
• Data Bus
• Control Bus

6
More Definitions

• Speed of Computers
• Operating system
• Interrupts
• Parity
• Input/Output devices
• Parallel Interface
• Serial Interface

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More Definitions

• Flow Control
• Multiplexers
• Random Access Memory
• Hard Drives, its Parts, Rotational Delay
• Sequential Access Devices
• Real and Batch Time processing
• Multi-Tasking and Time Sharing

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More Definitions

• Teleprocessing
• Asynchronous Transmission
• Synchronous Transmission
• Communication Lines
• Errors in Transmission

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Question

• Q How many states can five 8-bit memory
  locations be in?
• 28
• 25
• 240
• 213

Answer -3
10
Question

• Q How long will it take to transmit 400 k (byte)
  text file using 56 k modem in simplex mode?
• 1 min
• 2 min
• 10 min
• 15 min

Answer -1
11
Question

• Q How many 8-bit bytes in a 4 MB memory?
• 4,000,000
• 32,000,000
• 4,194,304
• 4,000

Answer -2
12
Question

• Q A hard disk drive with 5 cm diameter platters
  turns at 3000 RPM. What is the average latency
  for the drive?
• 0.003 s
• 0.01 s
• 0.02 s
• 0.04 s

Answer -2
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Software

• ASCII
• EBCDIC
• Program Design
• Flow Chart Languages
• Structured Programming
• Fields, Records and File Types

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What is a program?
Input
Processing
Output
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Planning a program

• Analyze define a problem
• Design plan the solution interface
• Code
• Test Debugging
• Complete Documentation

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Flow Chart Basics
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Flow Chart for exp(x)
Start
Input value of x and nmax
Initialize Sum1
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Flow Chart (continued)
Add next term
No
Calculate abs(Ea)
Is termsgtnmax
Yes
Print Sum
End
19
Question

• Q Base 10 equivalent of (21467.36207)a is?

20
Question

• Q Base a equivalent of (21467.36207)10 is?

21
Question

• Q How do I convert between bases 2, 8 and 16?

22
Question

• Q Sum1
• FOR I 1 to 100
• SumSumI
• Next i
• 5050
• 5051
• 100
• 1

Answer -2
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Question

• Q
• I2
• J3
• If IJ gt6 then answerPaul
• If IJgt5 then answerPeter
• If IJgt 4 then answer Lawrin
• Lawrin
• Peter
• Paul
• Ellis

Answer -1
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Question

• If A4 is copied from C4, sum (a1a4) is
• A. 9 B. 17 C. 8 D. 0

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Question

• Q What will be printed
• I2
• If Igt2 then Print ABC Else Print DEF
• ABC
• DEF
• ABCDEF
• Nothing printed

Answer -2
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An Afternoon Session Question

• The following algorithm is written for finding
  root of a nonlinear equation f(x)0
• Input xi, n
• For I1 to n
• Xi1 xi f(xi)/f(xi)
• Next I
• Print xi

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Questions

• Q What algorithm does the program represent?
• Runge-Kutta Method
• Bisection Method
• Secant Method
• Newton-Raphson Method

Answer -4
28
Questions

• Q What would be the value of xi1 if xi is 16,
  the function f(x)x2-4 and n4
• ?
• ?
• ?
• Division by zero will precede

Answer - ?
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Questions

• Q What would be the value of xi1 if xi 0, the
  function f(x)x2-4 and n4
• ?
• ?
• ?
• Division by zero will precede

Answer - 4
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First, Second and Last Rule of Learning

• If you don't let a teacher know at what level you
  are - by asking a question, or revealing your
  ignorance - you will not learn or grow. You can't
  pretend for long, for you will eventually be
  found out. Admission of ignorance is often the
  first step in our education.
• Stephen Covey - Seven Habits of Highly
  Effective People

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Thank You

• Thank you
• Best of Luck
• Your performance on EIT is very important to you
  as well as to the reputation of your school.