Neuroanatomy and Brain Injury

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Neuroanatomy andBrain Injury
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The Skull

• Inflexible protective shell
• Comprised of several bones names correspond to
  underlying brain lobes
• Frontal
• Temporal
• Parietal
• Occipital

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Meninges

• Three membranes inside the skull that provide
  further protection to the brain
• Dura mater
• Arachnoid mater
• Pia mater

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Saggital MRI of the Head
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Cerebrospinal Fluid

• Fluid that cushions brain from the skull
• Produced in the choroid plexus of the lateral
  ventricles
• Circulates in the subarachnoid space and
  ventricles
• Eventually reabsorbed into the bloodstream

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Ventricular System
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Brain Parenchyma

• Gray Matter
• Cell bodies
• White Matter
• Myelinated tracks that transmit information
  across the brain

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White / Gray Matter Differentiation
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Four Lobes of the Brain
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Four Lobes of the Brain

• Frontal Lobe
• Attention, language, planning, emotion, motor
  skills
• Very vulnerable to trauma
• Temporal Lobe
• Language (left hemisphere)
• Memory

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Four Lobes of the Brain

• Parietal Lobe
• Sensory functions
• Damage can result in visual field cuts or
  hemisensory neglect, or agnosia
• Occipital Lobe
• Visual processing
• Extensive damage can result in cortical blindness

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Saggital Brain Specimen
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Brainstem
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Brainstem
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Cerebral Vasculature
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Cerebral Vasculature
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Cerebral Vasculature
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Injuries resulting from trauma

• Coup injury
• Injury to the brain tissue on the same side as
  the impact
• Contracoup injuries
• Injury to brain tissue opposite the side of
  impact, due to brain hitting the skull
• Diffuse Axonal Injury
• Due to rotational forces

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Injuries resulting from trauma

• Hydrocephalus
• Intracranial pressure
• Herniation
• Midline shift

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Massive hemorrhagic stroke
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Brain Tumor (Glioma)
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