Interest Grabber

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Interest Grabber
Section 23-1

• Let the Water Flow
• Recall that vascular tissue transports water and
  nutrients throughout a plant. Imagine that you
  and your partner have been asked by a
  bioengineering firm to design a mechanism that
  can be used by plants to transport food, water,
  and essential nutrients to a height of 92 meters.

1. What plant characteristics must you consider
in your design? 2. What environmental conditions
must you take into account for your design to be
functional? 3. Outline the major
characteristics of your design.
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Section Outline
Section 23-1

• 231 Specialized Tissues in Plants
• A. Seed Plant Structure
• 1. Roots
• 2. Stems
• 3. Leaves
• B. Plant Tissue Systems
• C. Dermal Tissue
• D. Vascular Tissue
• 1. Xylem
• 2. Phloem
• E. Ground Tissue
• F. Plant Growth and Meristematic Tissue

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Concept Map
Section 23-1
Plant Tissues
include
includes
includes
includes
includes
includes
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Figure 231 Root, Stem, and Leaf Tissues
Section 23-1
Leaf
Stem
Root
Dermal tissue Vascular tissue Ground tissue
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Interest Grabber
Section 23-2

• Root Words
• The word root is not used only by biologists.
  Working with a partner, read over each of the
  following sentences. Try to determine the meaning
  of the boldfaced word(s) in each sentence. Then,
  explain how each use of the word root is related
  to the root of a plant.

1. The love of money is the root of all evil. 2.
Tired of moving from place to place, he took root
in our hometown. 3. The police were determined to
root out the criminals.
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Section Outline
Section 23-2
232 Roots A. Types of Roots B. Root Structure
and Growth C. Root Functions 1. Uptake of Plant
Nutrients 2. Active Transport of
Minerals 3. Movement Into the Vascular
Cylinder 4. Root Pressure
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Essential Plant Nutrients
Section 23-2
Role in Plant Proper leaf growth and color
synthesis of amino acids, proteins, nucleic
acids, and chlorophyll Synthesis of DNA
development of roots, stems, flowers, and
seeds Synthesis of proteins and carbohydrates
development of roots, stems, and flowers
resistance to cold and disease Synthesis of
chlorophyll Cell growth and division cell wall
structure cellular transport enzyme action
Result of Deficiency Stunted plant growth pale
yellow leaves Poor flowering stunted
growth Weak stems and stunted roots edges of
leaves turn brown Thin stems mottled, pale
leaves Stunted growth curled leaves
Nutrient Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Magnes
ium Calcium
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Figure 237 The Structure of a Root
Section 23-2
Epidermis
Ground tissue(cortex)
VascularCylinder
Cross Section of Plant Root(magnification 40x)
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Figure 239 Water Transport in a Root
Section 23-2
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Interest Grabber
Section 23-3

• Stem Study
• Imagine walking through a botanical garden. You
  probably would see many different kinds of
  plants, such as small and large trees, flowering
  plants, and cacti.

1. How do the stems of trees, flowering plants,
and cacti differ? 2. How are the stems of these
plants similar?
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Section Outline
Section 23-3
233 Stems A. Stem Structure and Function B.
Monocot and Dicot Stems 1. Monocot Stems 2.
Dicot Stems C. Primary Growth of Stems D.
Secondary Growth of Stems 1. Formation of the
Vascular Cambium 2. Formation of Wood 3.
Formation of Bark
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Compare/Contrast Table
Section 23-3
Comparing Primary and Secondary Growth of Stems
Characteristics Where It Occurs Effect on
Plant How It IsProduced
Primary Growth
Secondary Growth
At ends of plants Increases plant length By cell
division in the apical meristem
In stem Increases stem width By cell division in
meristems other thanthe apical meristem
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Figure 2314 Secondary Growth in Stems
Section 23-3
A. Vascular cambium appears
B. Secondary growth continues
C. Mature stemdevelops
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Figure 2315 Layers of a Tree Trunk
Section 23-3
Wood
Bark
Cork
XylemHeartwood
Cork Cambium
Phloem
Vascular Cambium
Xylem Sapwood
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Interest Grabber
Section 23-4

• LeavesUp Close and Personal
• Leaves absorb light and carry on most of the
  photosynthesis that occurs in a plant. For this
  reason, leaves are important plant
  structures.Examine the drawings of the three
  types of leaves shown in the next slide.

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Interest Grabber continued
Section 23-4
1. Describe the shape of each leaf. 2.
Describe the features of each leaf. 3. How is
the structure of a leaf related to its function?
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Section Outline
Section 23-4

• 234 Leaves
• A. Leaf Structure
• B. Leaf Functions
• 1. Photosynthesis
• 2. Transpiration
• 3. Gas Exchange

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Function of Guard Cells
Section 23-4
Guard cells
Guard cells
Inner cell wall
Inner cell wall
Stoma
Stoma Open
Stoma Closed
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Function of Guard Cells
Section 23-4
Guard cells
Guard cells
Inner cell wall
Inner cell wall
Stoma
Stoma Open
Stoma Closed
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Figure 2318 The Internal Structure of a Leaf
Section 23-4
Cuticle
Veins
Epidermis
Palisademesophyll
Xylem
Vein
Phloem
Spongymesophyll
Epidermis
Stoma
Guardcells
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Interest Grabber
Section 23-5

• Forces of Attraction
• Molecules of a substance are attracted to one
  another by a force called cohesion. Molecules of
  different substances are attracted to one another
  by a force called adhesion. Use this information
  to answer the following questions.

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Interest Grabber continued
Section 23-5
1. When the end of a narrow tube is placed in
water, the water rises in the tube to a level
that is higher than the water outside the tube.
Which force causes this to occur? 2. How might
this force cause water to rise in the stem of a
plant? 3. When water molecules evaporate from
the surface of a leaf, how do the forces of
adhesion and cohesion resist this action? 4.
When water molecules evaporate from the surface
of a leaf, which force would cause other water
molecules to move upward in the plant and follow
the evaporating water?
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Section Outline
Section 23-5
235 Transport in Plants A. Water
Transport 1. Capillary Action 2. Transpiration 3.
Controlling Transpiration 4. Transpiration and
Wilting B. Nutrient Transport 1. Functions of
Phloem 2. Movement From Source to Sink
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Transpiration
Section 23-5
A
B
Evaporation of water molecules out of leaves.
Pull of water molecules upward from the roots.
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Transpiration
Section 23-5
A
B
Evaporation of water molecules out of leaves.
Pull of water molecules upward from the roots.
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Figure 2324 Phloem Transport
Section 23-5
Phloem
Xylem
Sugarmolecules
Source cell
Movementof water
Movementof sugar
Sink cell
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Video Contents
Videos

• Click a hyperlink to choose a video.
• Water Transport in Plants
• Sugar Movement in Plants

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Video 1
Video 1
Water Transport in Plants

• Click the image to play the video segment.

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Video 2
Video 2
Sugar Movement in Plants
Click the image to play the video segment.
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Internet
Go Online

• Share root growth lab data
• Interactive test
• Articles on plants
• For links on plant anatomy, go to
  www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as
  follows cbn-7231.
• For links on root structures, go to
  www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as
  follows cbn-7232.
• For links on leaf functions, go to
  www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as
  follows cbn-7234.

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Section 1 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers
1. What plant characteristics must you consider
in your design? Possible student answers cell
wall, cell membrane, and cell vacuole, and the
presence of cellulose, especially as they relate
to osmosis, diffusion, and turgidity. 2. What
environmental conditions must you take into
account for your design to be functional?
Possible student answers availability of
water, temperature, pressure, sunlight, and
gravity. 3. Outline the major characteristics of
your design. Student designs will vary, but
should take into consideration the
characteristics listed in questions 1 and 2.
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Section 2 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers
1. The love of money is the root of all
evil. The core, origin, or beginning the root
is the core of the plant that grows from
it. 2. Tired of moving from place to place, he
took root in our hometown. Become settled or
secure plant roots secure plants in the
ground 3. The police were determined to root out
the criminals. Remove, pull out plants must be
pulled out by the roots, which secure them to
the ground.
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Section 3 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers
1. How do the stems of trees, flowering plants,
and cacti differ? They differ in shape and
size. 2. How are the stems of these plants
similar? They all support the plants and
transport nutrients.
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Section 4 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers
1. Describe the shape of each leaf. Broad and
flat with pointed ends (oak) long and flat with
wavy edges (dandelion) long and needle-shaped
(pine) 2. Describe the features of each
leaf. They are green in color and have surfaces
that are shiny and waxy, stems, and veins
separated by flat areas. 3. How is the structure
of a leaf related to its function? The flat
areas collect sunlight, the veins transport
nutrients, and the green color (chlorophyll)
traps energy from the sun.
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Section 5 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers
1. When the end of a narrow tube is placed in
water, the water rises in the tube to a level
that is higher than the water outside the tube.
Which force causes this to occur? Cohesion
between the water and the tube 2. How might this
force cause water to rise in the stem of a
plant? Cohesion between the water and the
vascular tissue of the plant could cause water to
move upward. 3. When water molecules evaporate
from the surface of a leaf, how do the forces of
adhesion and cohesion resist this
action? Adhesion between water molecules could
hold the escaping molecules in the plant.
Cohesion between the plant tissues and the
escaping water molecules might oppose
evaporation. 4. When water molecules evaporate
from the surface of a leaf, which force would
cause other water molecules to move upward in the
plant and follow the evaporating water? Adhesion
between water molecules could cause evaporating
water molecules to pull more water molecules
along behind them.
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End of Custom Shows

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