Adaptation, Part 2

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Adaptation, Part 2

• OT 606

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Story From Lloyd Alexander

• Listen to the story How the Cat Swallowed
  Thunder.
• Reflect on how the story portrays
• Function/Dysfunction
• Adaptation within the person (character)
• Adaptation within the environment
• Adaptation within occupation
• Discuss with a partner or small group.
• Share discussion with larger group.

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Questions to Ponder From Last Time

• What is function?
• What is dysfunction?
• How does adaptation relate to function?
• Within the person
• Within the environment
• Within the occupation
• How does adaptation relate to dysfunction?
• Within the person
• Within the environment
• Within the occupation

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Reflection Activity

• Think about a time when you were faced with a
  challenge or change.
• What strategies did you use to adapt to that
  change/challenge?
• What, if anything, did you change within
  yourself?
• What, if anything. Did you change about your
  environment?
• What, if anything, did you change about the
  occupations you typically do?
• Write a paragraph or two and be prepared to share
  your thoughts with the group.

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Making changes to person environmentAdaptive
Training - In cognitive-perceptual model

• Help persons learn to capitalize on their
  existing potentials and to use strategies to
  substitute or compensate for limitations
  (Kielhofner, 1997,p.154).
• Makes individual aware of his/her deficits.
• Performance is enhanced when environmental
  modifications occur.

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Adaptive Training - In cognitive-perceptual model

• Uses 2 approaches
• 1. Compensation, in which the patient is made
  aware of his ort her problems and taught to make
  allowances for them.
• 2. Adaptation, or changing the environment to
  make up for the persons deficits. (Kielhofner,
  1997, p.158).

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Adaptive Training - Skill Deficit

• 4 Categories of Skill Deficits
• environmentally dependent
• never learned or mastered
• never or seldom used
• Impaired skills

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Adaptive Training

• If it is not a skill deficit, then examine habit
  deficits

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Adaptive Training - Habit Deficit

• 4 categories of habit deficits -
• environmentally dependent
• undeveloped or obligatory
• ineffective
• inappropriate

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Adaptive Training

• Adapt task demands or task environment
• Alter environment in which task is performed
• prevent barriers to task performance
• create circumstances to promote performance in an
  environment
• restore/establish sensorimotor, cognitive
  integration, cognitive, psychosocial, and
  psychological abilities.

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Adaptive Training

• Note
• changes to person address performance components
  (now called client factors/ performance skills in
  new practice framework)
• Rather than internal changes to persons adaptive
  abilities.

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10 minute activityAdaptive (Assistive) Devices

• Since we are discussing adaptation, we need to
  discuss assistive devices.
• Alone, with a partner, or a group, respond to the
  following questions
• What are some assistive devices that occupational
  therapists use?
• What do we use assistive devices for?

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Response to 10 minute activity

• assistive devices occupational therapists use?

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Response to 10 minute activity

• What do we use assistive devices for?

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10 minute activity

• Alone, with a partner, or in a group, answer the
  following questions and be prepared to share your
  responses with the larger group
• In your opinion, in what order should
  occupational therapists address the following
  Adaptation within the individual, adaptation of
  the environment (including use of assistive
  devices), adaptation training (skill and habit
  building, compensatory strategies)?
• Explain why.

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Response to 10 minute activity

• In what order should occupational therapists
  address the following
• Adaptation within the individual (1ST, 2ND, 3RD)
• Adaptation of the environment (including use of
  assistive devices) (1ST, 2ND, 3RD)
• Adaptive training? (1ST, 2ND, 3RD)

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Questions and Answers

• ?