Atmospheric radiation equilibrium temperature

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Atmospheric radiationequilibrium temperature
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Vertical temperature distribution in the
atmosphere
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Net radiation as a function of latitude
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Origin of the atmospheric circulation
Conservation of angular momentum
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Annual mean north-south overturning flow
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Annual and zonal mean flow
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January mean atmospheric flow
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Annual mean westerly flow
stormtracks
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Formation of airmasses and fronts
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Thermal wind relation

• Stormtracks are associated with the fronts

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Atmospheric circulation at 500hPa
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Schematic representation of fronts and
atmospheric cyclones
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The atmospheric general circulation
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Formation of a cyclone
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Cross section through a developing cyclone
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Atmospheric occlusion
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Clouds associated with fronts
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Examples of frontal clouds
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Clouds behind a cold front
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Frontal clouds within a cyclone
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Synoptic map with satellite clouds
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Warm air rises and cold air sinksrelease of
potential energy into kinetic energy
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vorticity generation in rising airby eddy
stretching
Vortex stretching
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February 1953 storm 28-01-18
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February 1953 storm 29-01-00
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February 1953 storm 29-01-06
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February 1953 storm 29-01-12
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February 1953 storm 29-01-18
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February 1953 storm 30-01-00
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February 1953 storm 30-01-06
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February 1953 storm 30-01-12
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February 1953 storm 30-01-18
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February 1953 storm 31-01-00
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February 1953 storm 31-01-06
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February 1953 storm 31-01-12
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February 1953 storm 31-01-18
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February 1953 storm 01-02-00
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February 1953 storm 01-02-06
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February 1953 storm 01-02-12
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February 1953 storm 01-02-18
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February 1953 storm 02-02-00
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February 1953 storm 02-02-06
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February 1953 storm 02-02-12
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February 1953 storm 02-02-18
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Compilatie February storm
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February 1953 storm detail at 01-02-00
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1 february 00.00
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Flooded area in the Netherlands
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Effects of the eddies

• Eddies arise as an instability in the strong
  temperature gradients along the frontal surfaces
• Eddies transport warm air to the north and cold
  air to the south, limiting the north-south
  temperature gradient
• Eddies generate the indirect overturning Ferrel
  cell, which prevents the westerlies from growing
  very strong

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North-south heat transport
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Annual mean surface temperature
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Annual mean precipitation