Parts of Speech

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Parts of Speech

• JOU 121
• DMACC

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Can you name the eight parts of speech?

• Renee Thomas sang a technically difficult aria
  with great ease.
• An enthusiastic audience applauded with
  appreciation and admiration.
• She celebrated with a loud yahoo!

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Helps distinguish between phrases and clauses

• The dark, windswept ocean sky.
• The dark, windswept ocean sky warns us of a rainy
  day.

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Helps with subject-verb agreement and recognize
prepositional phrases

• The rate of automobile thefts is startling.

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Helps with pronoun case

• Everyone except Tom and me attended the annual
  banquet.

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NOUNS

• Person, place or thing
• Subject, direct object, predicate nominative,
  object of a preposition, possessive or modifier
  of another noun

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PRONOUNS

• Personal (I, me, my/mine)nominative, objective,
  possessive
• Its/its
• Indefinite (anyone, enough, many, most, none,
  several)usually singular, but all, most, none or
  some could be plural depending on the sentence

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How to know the difference

• Most of the shopping center is flooded.
• Most of the passengers were rescued from the
  burning ship.
• Some obviously plural both, few, many, several

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Indefinite pronouns gender

• Anybody can enter his photograph in the
  competition.
• Anybody can enter her photograph in the
  competition.
• Anybody can enter his or her photograph in the
  competition.
• Anybody can enter their photograph in the
  competition.

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Relative Interrogative Pronouns

• That, which, who, whom
• Dont use that to avoid choosing between who
  and whom
• The police officers that stopped my car were
  polite but firm.
• The candidate that the voters elected has been
  arrested for fraud.
• Whose/whos

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Demonstrative Pronouns

• Pointers
• This, that, these, those
• Distinguish them from the same words used as
  adjectives

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ADJECTIVES

• Called picture words
• Add adjectives Rescue workers continued their
  search for hikers feared lost in a cave near the
  Cathedral National Monument.
• Modify nouns and pronouns

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Limiting adjectives

• 6 skiers
• 15 miles
• This mistake
• Any, each, either

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Degrees of Adjectives

• Base, comparative, superlative
• Rich, richer, richest
• Controversial, more controversial, most
  controversial

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Predicate Adjective

• The companys advertising campaign is offensive.
• She is upset about the committees decision.

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Adjectives as verbals

• Participle
• Running with scissors, the girl
• Infinitive
• Sen. Clinton announced her decision to vote
  against funding the war in Iraq.

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ADVERBS

• Often ends in ly
• Modifies verbs, adjectives, another adverb
• My coffee is real hot.
• My coffee is really hot.
• Someone performs very badly.

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Interrogative conjunctive adverbs

• Why do fools fall in love?
• However, therefore, consequently, nevertheless,
  etc.
• Our class meets on Tuesday and Thursday
  therefore, we wont worry about the 4th of July.
• Place adverb nearest word it modifies
• Only I love you.
• I love you only.

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Comparatives Superlatives

• Time goes faster when youre busy.
• Time goes fastest when youre having fun.
• Make sure meaning is clear.
• High blood pressure is more dangerous than any
  chronic disease in the world today.
• Absolutes unique, perfect, excellent,
  impossible, final, supreme

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Prepositions

• The judge sentenced Emily Thompson to the
  Mitchellville correctional facility for the rest
  of her natural life.
• Most common at, by, for, from, in, of, on, to,
  with (40 others)
• Always take objective case rarely set off by
  commas unless introductory over 5 words

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CONJUNCTIONS

• Coordinating (and, but, for, nor, or, yet, while)
  equal weight
• Subordinating (after, although, as, as if,
  before, how, if, since, so, through, unless,
  while) unequal weight
• It looks like it will snow today.
• It looks as if it will snow today.
• It looks like snow today.

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Correlative Conjunctions

• Operates in pairs
• Bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor,
  whetheror, neitheror

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Interjections

• Also called exclamation
• Emotions/outbursts
• Examples Wow! Oh my! Whew!

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• Good luck with parts of speech!