The Babington Plot

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The Babington Plot
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• On November 24 , 1542, Henry VIII (English force)
  demolished King James V (Scotland force).
• In feruary, 1543, Mary Queen of Scots was born
  prematurely.
• On September 9, 1543, she was crowned in the
  chapel of Stirling Castle. She was only nine
  month old.

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• Henry VIII did not invade Scots on that time, but
  he decided to marry his son, Edward, to Mary, in
  order to unit the two nations. First, he released
  the Scottish nobles.
• The Scottish court rejected it in favor of a
  marriage of Francis, the dauphin of France. This
  decision was pleased Marys mother.

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• Henry VIII had switched from diplomacy to
  intimidation in order to persuade the Scot. His
  forces committed acts of piracy, destroyed crops,
  burned villages and attacked towns and cities
  along the border.
• His son still attacked Scot after his father
  died. For Marys own safety, she set sail for the
  port of French at age of six.

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• Marys first few years in the French court would
  be the most idyllic time in her life.
• She married at the age of sixteen, and the
  following year Francis and Mary became king and
  queen.
• Francis had always suffered from poor health, and
  he was dead in1560 and Mary was widowed.

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Walsingham-PrincipalSecratary

• a Machiavellian spymaster
• network of spies
• regular report from France, Germany Italy
  Spain Low Countries
• 1577 Philip of Spain tried to ally
• with Austria to invade England
• establish a cipher school in London

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When Mary return to Scotland in 1561

• She still confirmed her Catholic faith, while her
  Scottish subjects moved toward the Protestant
  church. ltltkey pointgtgt
• She marry her 2nd husband Darnley.who was killed
  by Mary in Feb 9,1567.
• She marry her 3rd husband, James Hepburn, but
  even worse.
• Their power was taken over in the summer of 1567.
  

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Her terrible misjudgment

• She dared to turn to her cousin Elizabeth.
• Elizabeth was not recognized by English Catholics
  because she was a Henry VIIIs
• second wife.
• She was then imprisoned.

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At first

• She was imprisoned in castles and manors, treated
  very well because most people love her.
• She even had the privileges to waters in Buxton
  to alleviate her illness.

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By 1586,18years later

• She had lost her privileges.
• She wrote her son in Scotland to save her but she
  failed.
• Her son despised her.
• All her outgoing letters were confiscated by the
  jailer.

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Gilbert Gifford

• He smuggled messages to Mary.
• He took the messages to a local brewer, who
  wrapped them in a leather pocket, which was then
  hidden inside a hollow bung used to seal a barrel
  of beer.

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Babington Plot

• Babington hated the country, and his
  grandfathers death fueled his animosity.
• He started to make a plan to assassinate
  Elizabeth, freeing Mary Queen of Scott.
• Via Gifford, Babington got contact with Mary,
  telling her their plan.

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Codes

• Babington enciphered his letters to prevent his
  plot uncovered.
• He used a cipher which was not a simple
  monoalphabetic substitution, but rather a
  nomenclator, as shown in p.38 Figure.8.
• Symbols
• 23 for letters , 35 for phrases and words
• some means nothing but that next one
  represents a double letters.

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Phelippes Grifford

• a linguist expert at Frence,
• Italian, German, Spanish, Latin
• and a great cryptanalyst
• 1585, Grifford wirtes a letter
• recruited as a spy
• another letter proposing
• assassination of Elizabeth
• replying letter which is forged

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• Babington and his six colleagues were captured
  and cut down.
• Meanwhile, on August 11, Mary and her entourage
  were also implicated in the Babington Plot and
  arrested.
• After two days trial, Elizabeth signed the death
  warrant of Mary.
• On February 8, 1587, Mary was brought to the
  block and died.
• She left with a motto, In my end is my
  beginning.

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ConclusionWhy Elizabeth won?

• a. Too faithful of their cipher.
• A weak encryption can be worse than no ncryption
  at all.
• b. Only one system of cipher.
• The misuse of a weak cipher can generate a very
  false sense of security.
• C.The entourages they used.
• Babington v.s. Gifford.
• Guileful or not
• Phellippes

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Thank you for your listening!