Disorders of Cell Growth

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Disorders of Cell Growth

• Cancer

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Oncology

• Study of cancer
• 25 of Americans develop cancer at some point in
  life

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Nature of cancer cells

• Normal cells that have a permanent CHANGE in them
• Cancer cells perpetuate themselves
• Lose normal growth regulation

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Characteristics of cancer cells
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Cancer Cells

• Lack of contact inhibition. Cancer cells lack
  this and continue growing even if they have
  contact with neighboring cells
• Tumor Growth e.g. adenoma
• Neoplasia new growth

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Cancer cells

• Invade and infiltrate normal cells
• Lack of differentiation
• Abnormal size shape
• Abnormal nucleus

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Normal cells have differentiation
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Cancer cells

• Loss of normal functions
• Divert more blood vessels for themselves for more
  nutrients

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Malignancy

• Detachment and spreading
• Metastasis cancer cells can detach and spread.
  Typically they spread via the bloodstream or via
  lymph vessels

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Cancer cells

• Benign innocent These tumors do not
  metastasize
• Malignant Cancer. These do metastasize

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Causes of Cancer

• Predisposing factors increase the likelihood of
  developing cancer
• Increase in cell number
• Disordered cell proliferation
• Chronic irritation resulting in changed cells
• Stressors suppressing the immune system
• Hereditary predisposition

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Initiation

• DNA mutation
• Not repaired
• Changing of a normal cell to an abnormal cell

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Promotion

• Providing an environment for uncontrollable
  growth
• Encourages growth

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Carcinogens

• Agents that initiate or promote abnormal cells
  and their growth
• 85 of all carcinogens are environmental

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Progression

• Abnormal cells become malignant

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Immune System

• Our immune system is constantly spotting abnormal
  cells
• Our immune system can recognize more than 10
  million different cancer antigens

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Treatments

• Surgery
• Radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy

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Danger Signals of Cancer

• Bleeding, discharge
• Lumps, thickening
• Non-healing sores
• Bowel or urinary changes
• Hoarseness or cough
• Mole or wart change
• Difficulty swallowing/ indigestion

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Breast lump
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Avoidance

• 75 cancer deaths are related to lifestyle
• Avoid direct sunlight
• Low fat diet
• Quit smoking
• Increase roughage in diet
• Fresh fruits vegetables
• Early detection

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Types of Cancer

• Carcinoma Cancer of the epithelial tissue
• Sarcoma Cancer of connective tissue
• Leukemia Cancer of blood
• Lymphoma Cancer of Lymph tissue