USBased NGO Role in EAP Marine Protected Areas MPAs

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US-Based NGO Role in EAP Marine Protected Areas
(MPAs)
John Parks World Resources Institute
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Presentation Outline

• What are MPAs and why use them?
• What are the objectives of US-based NGO support
  on regional MPAs?
• What are the specific roles US-based NGOs are
  playing (past, present, future)?

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Presentation Outline

• What are MPAs and why use them?

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MPA Definition

• Any area of intertidal or subtidal terrain,
  together with its overlying water and associated
  flora, fauna, historical, and cultural features,
  which has been reserved by law or other effective
  means to protect part or all of the enclosed
  environment.
• IUCN, 1988

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Assumed MPA Benefits

• Maintenance of in situ biodiversity
• Encourage sustainable fisheries (recruit source,
  biomass sink spill-over)
• Rehabilitate degraded habitat and depleted stocks
  
• Protect ecological processes (e.g., trophic
  relationships, 1º productivity)
• Ensure ecosystem services
• Research, education, recreation, and aesthetics

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Presentation Outline

• What are MPAs and why use them?
• What are the objectives of US-based NGO support
  on regional MPAs?

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Objectives for NGO Support

• Impact Biodiversity protection sustainable
  livelihoods (e.g., ICDPs)
• Knowledge Test existing models under variable
  conditions to improve efforts

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Continuum of MPA Scale
Large, permanent no-take zones
Small-scale, temporary reserves
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Continuum of MPA Scale
Large, permanent no-take zones
Small-scale, temporary reserves
Site-specific modeling by NGOs in EAP countries -
lower cost, appropriate technology -
collaboratively or locally managed designated -
NGO partnership capacity building support
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Objectives for NGO Support

• Capacity Building Long-term technical
  financial sustainability of MPA efforts
• Policy Evaluate and promote effective MPA
  guidance as a management tool

• Impact Biodiversity protection sustainable
  livelihoods (e.g., ICDPs)
• Knowledge Test existing models under variable
  conditions to improve efforts

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Presentation Outline

• What are MPAs and why use them?
• What are the objectives of US-based NGO support
  on regional MPAs?
• What are the specific roles US-based NGOs are
  playing (past, present, future)?

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Specific NGO Support

• Just a sample of what is happening
• Conservation International (CI)
• The Nature Conservancy (TNC)
• University of Rhode Island (URI)
• World Resources Institute (WRI)
• World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

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CI Support Recent Benchmarks

• Priority Setting Workshop confirms Papua's
  coastal and marine biodiversity to be amongst
  highest in the world much left unstudied
• Capacity Building community-based MPA efforts
  initiated in key sites countries
• Policy Reform international development
  national/provincial planning policy reform in key
  sites countries
• Marine Rapid Assessment surveys completed in
  Calamianes and Togean Is. provide info for local
  provincial zoning, galvinizes decision making
  support for proposed marine reserves

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CI Support Current Initiatives

• Priority Setting Global Coral Reef Hotspots
  Analysis underway
• Capacity Building facilitation of MPA skills
  development within key sites countries
  conservation trust fund development in Papua
• Policy Reform addressing unsustainable fisheries
  practices in PNG
• Marine Rapid Assessment surveys being completed
  in Milne Bay, PNG and Raja Ampat, West Papua

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CI Support Future Prospects

• Priority Setting Marine RAP data points in Coral
  Triangle to be used to support national local
  MPA systems development
• Capacity Building promoting the integration of
  terrestrial and marine conservation efforts in
  West Papua Milne Bay
• Policy Reform fostering enabling conditions
  local coordinating capacity for improved
  governance in natural resource management
• Marine Rapid Assessment future surveys in
  Philippines, Indonesia, PNG, other countries

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TNC Support Recent Benchmarks

• Site-based Management Community Involvement
  four MPAs implemented with government recognition
  (Komodo, Kimbe Bay, Arnavon Is., and Palau
  efforts)
• Region-wide Threats LRFT moratoriums in PNG and
  Solomon Is. decreased dynamite fishing in Komodo
  w/ measured coral recovery
• Partners MPA partners (both gov. NGO)
  management capacity built at all four sites
• Long-term Funding Mechanisms diver fees
  established at one MPA site in Palau

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TNC Support Current Initiatives

• Site-based Management Community Involvement
  Monitor refine MPA efforts at four current
  sites expand to at least four more
• Region-wide Threats LRFT, including site-based
  response plan within MPA sites
• Partners continuing to build organizational
  effectiveness in resource management skills
  coordinate NGO capacity building efforts
• Long-term Funding Mechanisms marine component on
  PNG trust fund launching the Center for
  Innovative Conservation Finance

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TNC SupportFuture Prospects

• Site-based Management Community Involvement
  ridge to reef approach to be taken to integrate
  conservation approaches
• Region-Wide Threats Mariculture for the LRFT
  design of MPAs for climate change
• Partners network with other sites to share
  lessons special needs assessment of islands
• Long-term Funding Mechanisms prototypes to be
  established at site and country levels major
  focus on trust funds

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URI Support Recent Benchmarks

• Site Based Management first legitimate
  community-based marine sanctuary in Indoneisa
  (Blongko)
• Best Practices assessment and analysis of
  community-based marine sanctuaries in
  Philippines focus groups paired with
  quantitative analysis
• Capacity Building IPB-based CMMRS learning
  unit/methodology developed to capture/disseminate
  emerging experience

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URI Support Current Initiatives

• Site-based Management Indonesian CRMP
  replication strategies under development
• Best Practices Indonesia-Philippines lesson
  drawing initiatives underway
• National ICM Policy US-study tour for DELP
  Minister /officials to explore decentralized MPA,
  ICM, estuarine management
• Capacity Building US-based NGO working group to
  coordinate efforts to compliment ongoing
  in-country training

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URI Support Future Prospects

• Site-based Management multiple CB-MPAs in target
  provinces input into national policy development
  for facilitating community-based marine
  sanctuaries
• Best Practices MPA best practices manual for
  Indonesia disseminated
• National ICM Policy senior policy advisor (DELP)
  to develop ICM options in a decentralized
  environment
• Capacity Building outreach and training on best
  practices in MPA/ICM Indonesia region

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WRI Support Recent Benchmarks

• Destructive Fishing Reform joint WRI/IMA effort
  successfully reforms cyanide fishers operating in
  Coroan Is. MPA, Palawan
• Policy Guidance new programmatic commitment made
  for direct protection analysis
• Risk Analysis and Priority Setting attempt to
  measure MPA influence in a threats model of reefs
  worldwide inadequate data to determine spatial
  management influence

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WRI Support Current Initiatives

• Policy Guidance with partners, determine the
  conditions under which decentralized MPAs are
  employed most effectively in the region links
  between MPAs mass bleaching events
• Risk Analysis and Priority Setting new MPA
  factor designed measured to adjust threat index
  at high spatial resolution
• Connectivity GEF-led team designing a proposed
  network system in the Solomon Is. evaluating MPA
  integration within ecosystem management
  approaches for region

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WRI Support Future Prospects

• Policy Guidance modernization of PA tools
  policy mechanisms given changing context of
  global drivers (e.g., climate change, SLR)
  regional trends (decentralization, urbanization,
  pollution) through WCPA/CBD audiences
• Connectivity policy direction for decision
  makers interested in establishing marine
  corridors representative networks of MPAs
• Human Factors evaluating the influence of
  socioeconomic variables institutional
  arrangements national/regional policy
  coordination and implementation

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WWF Support Recent Benchmarks

• Priority Setting definition of focal marine
  ecoregions to prioritize efforts
• Strengthening Site Management Innovative
  enforcement campaign in Philippines MPAs
• Designation no-take reserves established in 6
  focal marine ecoregions including the Sulu Sea,
  Dry Tortugas, and Belize
• Information Promotion of MPA Utility through
  communications, e.g., WWF/IUCN Marine Strategy,
  MPA Internal Positioning Document, development of
  a No-take Areas Toolkit

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WWF Support Current Initiatives

• Priority Setting identifying priority areas
  within marine ecoregions based on representation
  of habitats and key processes
• Strengthening Site Management MPA expansion of
  efforts within the Philippines, Indonesia,
  Malaysia, northern PNG coast
• Information internet site as an information
  clearinghouse on MPAs with links completion
  distribution of a no-take area toolkit for
  implementors fishing community detailing the
  science behind design management

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WWF Support Future Prospects

• Expansion Reach WWF Network global target for
  worldwide establishment of effectively managed
  MPAs
• Evaluation Development and use of improved MPA
  evaluation methodologies
• Research Fill biological socioeconomic info
  gaps within (intra-) focal ecoregions to support
  representative MPA networks
• Functionality Establish globally representative
  networks of MPAs between (extra-) focal ecoregions

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Emerging Themes

• Learning Adaptation
• Connectivity (National/Regional)
• Appropriate Operational Scale
• Civil Participation Long-Term Sustainability
• Addressing Economic and Social Drivers

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