Sahiwal

1
(No Transcript)
2
(No Transcript)
3
(No Transcript)
4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
Sahiwal
10
Tharparkar
11
Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle
AA 0.031 AB 0.276 BB 0.693
AA 0.023 AB 0.733 BB 0.244
What are the allelic frequencies of each breed?
12
Allelic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle
A 0.17 B 0.83
A 0.39 B 0.61
What are the expected genotypic frequencies of
each breed?
13
Expected Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy
Cattle
Expected AA 0.029 AB 0.282 BB 0.689
Observed AA 0.031 AB 0.276 BB 0.693
Expected AA 0.152 AB 0.476 BB 0.372
Observed AA 0.023 AB 0.733 BB 0.244
How do you interpret these results?
How would test for significance?
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
Kuru - a prion disease
17
Kuru - a prion disease
Observed Genotypic Freq. in South Fore MM
0.221 MV 0.514 VV 0.264
Obs. Genotypic Frq. in South Fore Cannibals
MM 0.133 MV 0.767 VV 0.1

• Hedrick, Science, 2003

18
(No Transcript)
19
Campanula americana(Tall Bellflower)

• Galloway Etterson, J. Evol. Biol. 2003

20
Diopsids - Stalk-eyed Flies (Cyrtodiopsis
dalmanni)

• Wilkinson, Amitin Johns
• Integr. Comp. Biol., 2005

21
Aposematicwarning colors and markings
22
Mimicry
23
Negative Frequency-dependent Selection
24
-Elena Lenski, Science, 1996
25
(No Transcript)
26
Migration as a mechanisms of evolution

• Water snakes (Nerodia sipedon) in Lake Erie come
  in two color phases banded and unbanded
• This is a two allele system
• Banded dominant to unbanded
• The mainland has really only banded
• The islands may have both

27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
Lake Erie water snakes

• It was found that, when basking on islands, the
  unbanded snakes are more cryptic and thus remain
  hidden better.
• Why wouldnt selection cause the unbanded pattern
  to go to fixation?
• Migration. Every year, banded snakes migrate
  from the mainland and introduce fresh banded
  alleles
• Therefore, migration offsets selection

30
(No Transcript)