Mirrors on Ourselves

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Mirrors on Ourselves

• Elaine Rich

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A Parable from the Book Lieh Tzu
Book V of the Book of Lieh-Tzü A book of Taoist
teachings from the 3rd century B.C.
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Ganesha
The birth of Ganesha
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Durga
The birth of Durga
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Rabbi Loew and the Golem
The Golem legend from 16th century Prague
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The Golem in Prague Today
A childrens book
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The Golem in Prague Today
A t-shirt
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The Golem in Prague Today
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Rabbi Loews Tomb in Prague
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Pygmalion and Galatea
Recounted by Ovid in about 5 CE
Jean-Michel Moreau le Jeune(Les Métamorphoses
d'Ovide, Paris 1806).
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Homunculi
Paul Struck, Triptychon der klassischen
Walpurgisnacht, Faust IIv. J.W.Goethe, 1975/76,
linker Außenflügel
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(No Transcript)
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The Nightingale
Written in 1844 by Hans Christian Anderson
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(No Transcript)
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Drownes Wooden Image
A story by Nathaniel Hawthorne
(1804 1864)
Lady with Scarf. Carved in 1820 by Isaac Fowle,
this figurehead is thought to have been used in
Fowle's shop as a sample for further orders. This
figurehead may have inspired Nathaniel
Hawthorne's story "Drowne's Wooden Image."
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Ambrose Bierce
1842 1914?
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The Devils Dictionary

• Bore 
• A person who talks when you wish him to listen.
• Cannon 
• An instrument employed in the rectification of
  national boundaries.
• Cat 
• A soft indestructible automaton provided by
  Nature to be kicked when things go wrong in the
  domestic circle.

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Vaucansons Duck
1739
http//www.youtube.com/watch?va6Clt1Xxw6Q
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Vaucansons Automata
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Edisons Talking Doll
1888
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The Turk
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The Turk

• Built by Wolfgang von Kempelen (1734 1804).

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The Turk

• Constructed and unveiled in 1770 to impress the
  Austro-Hungarian Empress Marie-Theresa.
• Toured Europe and America for 85 years.
• Destroyed by fire in 1852.
• The secret unveiled in 1857.

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The Turk
Still fascinates people.
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The Turk

• How it worked
• Exploited
• Levers
• Magnets
• A candle

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A Modern Reconstruction
Built by John Gaughan. First displayed in 1989.
Controlled by a computer. Uses the Turks
original chess board.
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Chess Today
In 1997, Deep Blue beat Garry Kasparov.
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Does This Mean Its Curtains for Humans?
How much do you need to know to play chess?
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The Origins of AI Hype
1957 Allen Newell and Herb Simon predicted
that
"Within ten years a computer will be the world's
chess champion, unless the rules bar it from
competition."
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How Much Computation Does it Take?

• Middle game branching factor about 35.
• Typical game may be about 80 ply (one move for
  each player)
• 3580 ? 3?10123
• Number of seconds since Big Bang ? 3?1017

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How Much Computation Does it Take?

• Middle game branching factor about 35.
• Lookahead required to play master level chess
  about 8.
• 358 ? 2?1012.
• Number of seconds since Big Bang ? 3?1017

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REEM-A
http//www.technovelgy.com/ct/Science-Fiction-News
.asp?NewsNum1212
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Rossums Universal Robots
A play by Karel Capek, 1920
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The Three Laws of Robotics
1942
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The Three Laws of Robotics

• A robot may not injure a human being or, through
  inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
• A robot must obey orders given to it by human
  beings except where such orders would conflict
  with the First Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as
  such protection does not conflict with the First
  or Second Law.

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With Folded Hands
1947 http//ia300118.us.archive.org/2/items/Dimen
sion-X/Dimx_e002_WithFoldedHands.MP3
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1951
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1956
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1986
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2004
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How Much Computer Power Might It Take?
http//www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/hpm/book97/ch3/index.ht
ml
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How Much Compute Power is There?
From Hans Moravec, Robot Mere Machine to
Transcendent Mind 1998.
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What is Artificial Intelligence?
A.I. is the study of how to make computers do
things that people are better at or would be
better at if they could extend what they do to a
world wide web-sized amount of data and not make
mistakes.
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How Will We Recognize AI?
1950 Alan Turings paper, Computing Machinery and
Intelligence, described what is now called The
Turing Test. http//www.abelard.org/turpap/turpa
p.htm
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Turings Test
Q Please write me a sonnet on the subject of the
Forth Bridge. A Count me out on this one. I
never could write poetry. Q Add 34957 to 70764
A (Pause about 30 seconds and then give as
answer) 105621. Q Do you play chess? A Yes.
Q I have K at my K1, and no other pieces. You
have only K at K6 and R at R1. It is your move.
What do you play? A (After a pause of 15
seconds) R-R8 mate.
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Turings Test
Interrogator In the first line of your sonnet
which reads 'Shall I compare thee to a summer's
day', would not 'a spring day' do as well or
better? Witness It wouldn't scan.
Interrogator How about 'a winter's day' That
would scan all right. Witness Yes, but nobody
wants to be compared to a winter's day.
Interrogator Would you say Mr. Pickwick
reminded you of Christmas? Witness In a way.
Interrogator Yet Christmas is a winter's day,
and I do not think Mr. Pickwick would mind the
comparison. Witness I don't think you're
serious. By a winter's day one means a typical
winter's day, rather than a special one like
Christmas.
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The Origins of AI Hype Another One
1950 Turing predicted that in about fifty years
"an average interrogator will not have more than
a 70 percent chance of making the right
identification after five minutes of
questioning".
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Was Turing Right?
A conversation with Jabberwacky, 2003
Jabberwacky Have you been to the Moon?User No.
Few have. Have you?Jabberwacky Many a time my
dear chap!User What was the most interesting
thing you saw?Jabberwacky Fred.User Why did
you find him interesting?Jabberwacky It just
came into my head.User What sorts of things do
you generally find interesting?Jabberwacky
Nothing but smelly socks.
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Another One
A Conversation with Alice, 2004 gtWhat's the best
place to eat Chinese food? ALICE My favorite
places are California and Maine. Holland is cool
too. gtWhat do you like about Maine? ALICE The
special effects are the best.
http//www.alicebot.org/
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Alice, Again
gtWho invented paper towels? ALICE The Chinese,
long before Europeans. gtWho invented pet rocks?
ALICE The Wright Brothers. gtWho invented Barbie
dolls? ALICE Thomas Edison.
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Alice Again
A Conversation with Alice, January 2005 Human
Isn't the tsunami thing sad?ALICE If it is,
then I'll be very surprised. Human but it
is.ALICE Umm. Huh.Human Over a hundred
thousand people have died.ALICE Does "it" still
refer to the tsunami thing sad? Human
yesALICE Blimey.
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Lets Chat with Bots

• Alice
• Jabberwacky
• Elbot

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Machine Translation Today
Austin Police are trying to find the person
responsible for robbing a bank in Downtown
Austin. El policía de Austin está intentando
encontrar a la persona responsable de robar un
banco en Austin céntrica. The police of Austin
is trying to find the responsible person to rob a
bank in centric Austin.
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Common Sense Reasoning
Mary was excited when she found out that Sue had
invited her to her birthday party. She wondered
whether she should get her the new Harry Potter
book. Mary was excited when she found out that
Sue had invited her to her birthday party. She
wondered whether she would like the new Harry
Potter book.
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What is a Concept?
Lets start with an easy one chair
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
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Chair?
The bottom line?
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Are We Special?
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(No Transcript)
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Consciousness
You
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Aaron
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The Difference Between Us and Them
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Should We Do It?
The Luddites, 1812
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A Calmer Vision
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Kurzweils Vision
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Kurzweils Vision