Instrument PreDevelopment

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• Instrument Pre-Development
• Roland Meynart
• Head of Instrument Pre-Development Office

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Instrument pre-development

• General Objectives
• Risk reduction before committing to full
  development of instruments approved for flight or
  of specific strategic interest
• How ?
• Demonstration of instrument performances vs
  defined requirements
• Design, manufacturing and tests of critical
  subsystems, possibly up to full or partial
  instrument model (PDM Pre-Development Model)
• Space-representative build standards
• Realisation of ground/airborne instruments, to
  measure science data in order to validate new
  mission concepts
• Current pre-developments
• ALADIN (ADM-Aeolus Core Explorer)
• APEX (airborne hyperspectral imager)
• L-band SAR (candidate Earth Watch)

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ALADIN Instrument Pre-Development (1)

• Incoherent Doppler Wind Lidar in monostatic
  configuration
• Laser transmitter tripled-frequency NdYAG at
  355 nm, 150-mJ per pulse, operating in
  burst-mode laser 7s ON, 21 s OFF
• Receivers
• Fizeau or 2-wave interferometer for
  aerosol-scattered signal
• dual-filter Fabry-Pérot etalon for
  molecular-scattered signal
• Averaging on chip of returns from successive
  pulses using an accumulation CCD

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ALADIN instrument pre-development (2)

• Pre-Development Programme
• Pre-Development Model (PDM) of Lidar Receiver
• Three interferometers (2 Mie, 1 Rayleigh)
• Detection chains (ACCD Electronics)
• Routing Optics Diplexer breadboard
• Structure
• OGSE, EGSE
• Full performance and environmental tests
• Refurbishment as ground/airborne lidar in 2004
• Two parallel contracts on laser transmitter
• Deliverables laser test beds to validate FM
  design concepts and demonstrate performances.
• Laser test bed to be integrated with PDM for
  end-to-end tests

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ALADIN instrument pre-development (3)
Receiver (PDM)
Opto-mechanical model of Rayleigh spectrometer
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ALADIN instrument pre-development (4)
Laser test-bed (seeder)
OGSE for PDM
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ALADIN instrument pre-development (5)

• Pump Diode Assessment programme
• Support selection of pump diodes type and
  definition of qualification programme by early
  endurance testing under various nominal and
  stressed conditions
• Choice of diode types
• Pulsed High-Power (1 kW) diode bar stacks
• CW laser diodes ( 1W)
• Two European manufacturer per type
• 4. Others
• Feasibility study of phase-conjugate mirrors
• High-efficiency non-linear conversion
• Science studies to support definition of
  requirements

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ALADIN and ADM-Aeolus planning
2000 2001 2002
2003 2004
Phase B
Phase C
Phase B/C/D/E
PDR
Selection laser supplier
ALADIN PDM
Design
Airborne inst
PDM manufacturing and test
CDR
Integration of one test bed in PDM
Lasers
Phase 1
Phase 2
Laser 1
PDM interface electonics
Phase 1
Phase 2
Laser 2
Diode assessment
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L-band SAR Instrument Pre-development (1)

• L-band SAR antenna is made of 10 columns of 2
  tiles (140 T/R modules), size 11 x 2.5 m2
• Satellite configuration in two parts folded for
  launch (Snapdragon)
• Stripmap
• Quad-pol 40 km swath at 9 x 5 m resolution
• Dual-pol 60 km swath at 9 x 5 m resolution
• ScanSAR
• 200 km at 30 x 30 m resolution

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L-band SAR Instrument Pre-development (2)

• Pre-Development Programme
• Two-tile column
• Full antenna column (2 tiles) with
  flight-representative units
• structure,
• RF and control electronics,
• radiating panels, T/R modules
• Demonstration of L-band tailored calibration
  scheme
• Procurement of equipment in competition
• Radiating panels funded by GSTP
• T/R modules
• Initial prototyping, including new MMICs, funded
  by TRP and GSTP
• Production run in PDM contract

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L-band SAR Instrument Pre-development (3)

• 2-tile column
• 14 TRM (40 W peak power)
• Functions of central electronics by EGSE
• No redundancy
• Includes production run of T/R modules and
  design proving
• Procurement status
• Sub-system contractors selected by best
  practices

Flight design showing redundancy
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L-band SAR Instrument Pre-development (4)
Radiating sub-arrays
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L-band SAR pre-development planning
2002
2003
2004
PDM F 1
F 2
TRM MMICs (TRP)
TRM Prototypes (GSTP)
Radiating panels (GSTP)
Terrasar consolidation Phase
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Airborne PRIM Experiment APEX (1)

• Airborne Hyperspectral Imager in support of
  SPECTRA and other hyperspectral missions
• PRODEX funding, managed by Earth Observation
  staff
• Pushbroom imaging principle, 28 deg FOV, 1000
  pixels
• Two spectrometers
• VNIR 380-1050 mnm, 5-10 nm, CCD detector array
• SWIR 1000-2500 nm, 10 nm resolution, hybrid
  HgCdTe detector array
• SWIR detector array developed with requirements
  of SPECTRA mission (EOPP/EOEP funding)
• Improvements to CCD also considered
• Calibration Home Base for regular re-calibration
  during operations (EOEP funding)
• Commissioning on Do-228 of DLR in 2004

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Airborne PRIM Experiment APEX (2)

• Development of SWIR detector array in common for
  APEX and SPECTRA
• HgCdTe detector array hybridised on CMOS
  multiplexer
• 1000 x 256 pixel, addressable read-out, fast
  operation
• Cut-off 2.5 mm
• Integrated detector-cryostat-cooler assembly for
  APEX

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Lessons from 1st EOEP slice

• IPD proved effective in risk reduction.
• IPD on critical instruments enables phase B and
  following phases in good conditions
• IPD stimulated European space lidar leadership
• IPD started line of airborne instruments in
  support of EO campaigns.
• Procurement based on competition, wherever
  practical
• Large participation of SMEs and non-primes at
  early development stage
• ALADIN
• PDM SIRA, Patria, Rovsing, E2V, SESO, TPD-TNO,
  Sonaca
• Laser transmitters Galileo Avionica, Thales
  Lasers, Quantel, CESI, Innolight, Tesat
• Laser diodes Thales Diodes, DILAS, FBH,
  Innolight
• Others MPB, U.Bern,
• APEX HTS, OIP, Sofradir
• L-band SAR to come

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Future activities in 2nd EOEP slice

• Continuation of programme with pre-development
  activities for
• Candidate Core Explorers (EarthCare, SPECTRA,
  WALES) and Opportunity Explorers (ACE, EGPM)
• Initially with selected sub-systems, later focus
  on missions approved for implementation
  (mid-2004)
• Strengthening of lidar expertise with new
  developments for backscatter and dial lidars
  (H2O, CO2, O3,)
• Strengthening line of activities on airborne
  instruments, in response to specific scientific
  needs
• Support to new instrument initiatives, e.g.
  technology development and flights of opportunity
  (Incubatorconcept)