Grounding the Ontology on the Semantic Interpretation Algorithm

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Grounding the Ontology on the Semantic
Interpretation Algorithm

• Fernando Gomez
• School of Computer Science
• University of Central Florida
• Orlando, Florida

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Motivation

• The changes to the WordNet 1.6 ontology have come
  about as the result of
• Defining verb predicates for most Wordnet verb
  classes
• Implementing an algorithm that uses the
  predicates to determine verb meaning, semantic
  roles, adjuncts attach prepositional phrases and
  interpret deverbal nominalizations

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Defining Predicates Valid Across Domains/Corpora

• The selectional restrictions in the predicates
  are WordNet noun ontology categories
• The selectional restrictions should be valid
  across any domain
• By valid is meant that the algorithm using the
  predicate definitions should determine verb
  meaning, semantic roles, etc. in most sentences
  selected randomly from a given corpus

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Failing to Interpret and the Ontology

• Some Examples
• France invaded Russia in 1812.
• She burned the letters.
• The fish hides in a crevice.
• Blood flew from the wound.
• The hurricane pushed the fleet into the rocks.
• She was born on a plantation at Grand Riviere.
• He spent money on foolish projects.
• She buried the money under the tree.

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Physical-Thing (entity1)

• Physical-Thing(entity1)
• Location (location1)
• Physical-object (object1)
• Substance (substance1)
• Physical-Group
• Physical-Process -gt Process
• Natural-Phenomenon -gt Phenomenon

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Physical-Object

• Physical-Object(object1,except substance1 and
  location1)
• Physical-part (part7)
• Plant-Part(plant-part1) -gt ANIMATE
• Animal-Body-Part(body-part1) -gt ANI
• Animate (life-form1)
• Artifact (artifact1)

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Artifact1

• This concept has undergone few changes except
  for
• Structure1 ? Location
• Some hyponyms ? Organization
• Building1(tavern, library, hotel, restaurant )
• Examples The restaurant hired a new chef. The
  library has acquired 300 new books.

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Location (Location1)

• District ((district1)(territory2)) ?
  Organization
• State-or-Province (state2) ? Organization
• Country ((country1) (state3)) ? Organization
• Continent (continent1) ? Organization
• Residential-District ? Organization
• (residential_district1)

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Modifications to Group1

• Physical-Group is formed by all those concepts
  under group1 which are a collection of physical
  things, e.g., fleet, flora, fauna
• The hurricane pushed the fleet into the rocks.
• Social_Group1 ? Human-Agent

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Abstraction (abstraction6)

• Possession2 (unique concept in WN)
• Psychological-Feature1 (unique in WN)
• Property (property2, property4)
• Relation (relation1)
• Space (space1)
• Time

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Possession (possession2)

• Debt_Instrument1 (junk bond, note receivable,
  etc.) has been made a subconcept of Possession
  and Written-Communication
• Some hyponyms have been extracted territory2
  (dominion, province ) and real_property1
  (hacienda, plantation .)
• Some concepts have been been tangled to
  Physical-Thing (property1, belongings, etc.)
  
  

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Communication

• Act-of-Communicating (communication1, has
  act2 as hypernym in WN)
• Something-Communicated (communication2 a
  hyponym of social_relation1 ? relation1 in WN)
• Written-Communication ? Physical-Thing
• Print-Media (print_media1, a hyponym of
  artifact1 in WN)

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Space (space1)

• Space (space1)
• Mathematical-Space (space2)
• Empty-Area (space3) ? Location
• Outer-Space (space5) ? Location
• Note space3 is not a subconcept of location in
  WN and space5 is not a subconcept of space in WN.

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Time

• Time
• time-continuum (time5)
• time-unit (time_unit1) ? Measure
• time-period (time-period1)
• indefinite-period (time2)
• time-interval (time-interval1)
• clock-time (clock-time1)

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Psychological-Feature (Psychological-Feature1)

• Psychological-State ? state4
• Cognitive-State?State4
• Personal-Trait (trait1) ? Abstraction6
• Note These concepts have become subconcepts of
  psychological_feature1

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Quantity (quantity2)

• Mathematical-Quantity (quantity3, a
  hyponym of psychological-feature in WN)
• Measure
• Measure-Quantum (measure3)
• Measurement (measure1)
• Magnitude-relation (magnitude-relation1)

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Process(process2)

• Physical-Process ? Physical-Thing
• Natural-Process
• Cognitive-Process ? Psychological-Feature
• Unconscious-Process (process5)
• Psychoanalytic-Process
• Note Process5, and Cognitive-Process have
  Psychological-Feature as hypernym in WN, not
  Process, while Psychoanalytic-Process has only
  process

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Unique Upper-Level Concepts

• Physical-Thing (entity1)
• Abstraction (abstraction6)
• Action (action1)
• State-R (state4)
• Event (event1)
• Process (process2)
• Phenomenon (phenomenon1)

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Conclusions

• We have explained some reorganizations and
  changes to the WN 1.6 upper-level ontology
• These modifications have been dictated by a
  semantic interpretation algorithm
• These modifications are within the principles
  that inspire WN noun ontology and can be easily
  integrated within it.