: Introductory Psychology: Observation, Action and Inference

1
Introductory Psychology Observation, Action
and Inference

• Sheree Dukes Conrad, Ph.D

2
ANNOUNCEMENTS

• NO SECTIONS THIS WEEK!
• SECTIONS BEGIN Monday, Feb. 3
• YOU MUST REGISTER FOR A SECTION ON Monday,
  Wednesday or Friday

3
Course requirements

• Attend lectures
• Attend section
• 4 in-class exams
• 1 short paper due in sections
• RESEARCH REQUIREMENT (see separate handout!)

4
Resources

• Lecture slides, study guides and the syllabus are
  available on the Internet at
  http//psych.umb.edu/faculty/conrad/conrad.htm

5
Section assignments

• Sections begin on Monday, Feb. 3
• Fri. 930 271505 M-2-208
• Fri. 1130 271498 M-2-208
• Fri. 930 271491 M-2-207
• Fri. 1130 271512 M-2-428
• Wed. 930 271533 M-2-208
• Wed. 1130 271540 M-2-428
• Wed. 930 271519 M-2-207
• Wed. 1130 271526 M-2-208

6
The Case of Anna O.
7
Josef Breuer

• 1880-1882

8
SYMPTOMS

• nervous cough
• visual defects
• speech defects
• paralysis
• anaesthesia
• hydrophobia
• twilight states

9
Anna

• early 20s
• intelligent
• beautiful
• charming
• witty
• upper-class

10
DIAGNOSIS?

• organic damage?
• hysteria

11
HYSTERIA

• ancient Egyptians
• Greek physicians
• severe bodily symptoms that do not end in death
• CAUSE wandering womb

12

• what did the ancient Egyptians assume about the
  disorder?

13
a female disorder
14
TREATMENT

• hypnosis
• words muttered in twilight states repeated to
  Anna
• Anna described traumatic experiences, as if
  reliving them

15
TRAUMA

• the governesss dog
• watching by her fathers deathbed
• tears/clock
• snakes/arm

16
ABREACTION

• when traumatic experiences recounted, WITH
  ATTENDANT EMOTIONS, symptoms disappeared (at
  least temporarily!)

17
MODEL of HYSTERIA

• trauma------gtintense-------gtbodily
  emotions symptoms
• CONVERSION
  

18
Case II Melody D.

• 1981
• 55 years old, single
• previously high functioning
• tending her deteriorating father
• committed for inpatient care

19
SYMPTOMS

• Inappropriate behavior
• force-feeding and hitting father
• Delusions
• gases are invading my body
• electricity is spreading in my body

20
First hospitalization

• Odd behavior
• trying to gather up patients and get them to
  leave hospital Were all moving out today and
  Im going to be the last one out, to make sure
  everyone gets out. All the doors are coming off
  today. No more doors!
• singing patriotic songs (from 1945)
• asking other patients How many did you save from
  the fire

21
Subsequent course

• 1982 symptomsdissolved, returned to work
• 1983 committed and escaped
• 1983 committed self
• 1984 committed and escaped
• 1985 committed

22
Diagnosis?

• How are the two women alike?
• How do their cases differ?

23
Differential diagnosis
24
Anna O. Melody D.

• early 20s
• physical symptoms
• twilight states
• nursed dyiing father
• trauma?

• 55 years old
• no physical symptoms
• delusions
• nursed dying father
• trauma
• childhood
• Coconut Grove

25
Presenting symptoms

• Anna
• Physical symptoms

• Melody
• False beliefs
• Odd behaviors

26
Other symptoms

• Anna
• twilight states words and phrases muttered

• Melody
• gases are invading my body
• electricity is spreading through my body

27
Diagnosis

• Anna O.
• hysteria

• Melody D.
• atypical paranoid psychosis
• bipolar disorder
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

28
Diagnosis Somatoform Disorder

• Conversion Disorder
• physical dysfunction in absence of organic cause
• high incidence among combat soldiers
• anxiety-reducing function of symptoms
• disability prevents patient from engaging in some
  distressing activity

29
Diagnosis Psychosis

• Schizophrenia
• lack of contact with reality
• hallucinations and delusions
• cognitive disturbances
• inappropriate affect
• social isolation
• inappropriate behavior

30

• Bipolar Disorder
• alternating depression and mania
• mania delusions of grandeur, over-activity,
  elation, irritability, talkativeness, flight of
  ideas
• depression sadness, alteration in pattern of
  activities, suicidal ideas, etc.

31
Other diagnoses?

• Stay tuned..