ANTs a SBF BNMII, NARA,dec1819,06

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ANTs _at_ a SBFBNMII, NARA,dec18-19,06

• Amarjit Soni
• HET, BNL
• soni_at_bnl.gov
• Based on work with Tim Gershon hep-ph/0607230

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Outline

• IntroductionIn light of B-factoriesthe need for
  high luminosity
• New and some old ANTs
• Summary

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The need for high luminosity in light of
B-Factory Results.

• Spectacular performance of the B-factories
• Allowed us to attain an important milestone in
  understanding CPV phenomena
• For the 1st time we have a striking confirmation
  of the CKM-paradigm.
• (emerging picture since Feb. 2001)
• However,NONE of our tests is good enough
• to exclude O(10) deviations due BSM

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Should 10 tests be good enough?

• Vital Lessons from our past
• LESSON 1 Remember eK
• Its extremely important to reflect on the
  severe and tragic consequences if
• Cronin et al had decided in 1963 that O(10)
  searches for e were good enough!
• Imagine what an utter disaster for our field that
  would have been.
• Note also even though CKM-CP-odd phase is O(1)
  (as we now know)
• in the SM due to this O(1) phase only in
  B-physics we saw large effects
• in K (miniscule), D(very small), t(utterly
  negligible).
• Understanding the fundamental SM parameters to
  accuracy only of O(10) would leave us extremely
  vulnerable ..Improvement of our understanding
  should be our crucial HOLY GRAIL!

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Lesson 2

• Remember m?
• Just as there was never any good reason for m? 0
  there is none for BSM-CP-odd phase not to exist
• ?m2 1eV2 1980 -gt ?m2 10-4 eV2 97
• Osc. Discovered.
• Similarly for BSM-CP-odd phase, we may need to
  look for much smaller deviations than the current
  O(10)

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The need for high luminosity

• (Arguments Rationale NOT based on SUSY or its
  ghosts around the corner) but
• Rather on Key BENCHMARK Processes
• I) Pristine determination of UT..,
• ?(f3) from B KD BsKD
• a(f2) from p p, ?p, ??and ß(f1) from ?Ks
• II) Approx. Null Tests (ANTs) some specific
  examples
• aCP (B -gt Xs(d) ?)
• S(t) B -gt K ,K p ?
• S(t) B -gt KS ? , f.
• aCP (trans. Pol) B -gt XC(D) t ?..

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In light of B-factories resultsANTs of SM
become very important

• Main message from B-factories
• SM-CKM paradigm is the dominant contributor to
  the observed CPV ?effects of NP are likely to be
  a small perturbation -gt To fecilitate search for
  NP need
• Precise predictions from theory
• Lots2 of clean Bs
• NULL tests ( i.e SM predicts vanishingly small
  asymmetries)
• are a very important class of precision tests.
  Since CP is not a symmetry
• of the SM cannot ( i.e. extremely difficult)
  have EXACT null tests
• -gt approximate null tests (ANTs) e.g. ?S
  SB-gt?(F..)KS SB -gt?KS O(?2) an ANT thats
  recently much in news as BABARBELLE
• indicate a violation atabout 2 s. Its
  confirmation is exceedingly important
• Motivates us to develop additional null tests
  that are as strict as possible.

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Some Examples of null tests
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I. The incredible power of Radiative Bs

• 1) Rate for b -gt s over a decade of constrainig
  NP!
• 2) Rate for b -gt d (excl. and incl.) for
  Vtd/Vts
• Dir CP b -gts and b -gtd in SM and extensions
  valueable tests of SM
• Mixing induced dir. CP clean tests of SM using
  exclusive B-decays
• a) ags(97)B -gt V ?
• b) aghsIB -gt P1 P2 ? enhanced sensitivity to
  NP
• c) aghsIIB-gtPV? SM pollution drastically
  reduced

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Br(B -gtXs ? ) Confronts BSM

• Expt (3.55-.24-.10-.03)X10-4
  BaBarBelle(HFAG) _at_ICHEP06
• SM NLO (3.61 .37-.49)X10-4 T.Hurth Review
• Excellent agreement has become extremely
  effective
• in chopping parameter space of SUSY as well as
  multitude of other extensions.
• Further improvement in SM prediction exceedingly
• difficult..-gt Improved expt determination of
• this Br per se provides limited mileage. However

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Direct CP-asymmetry

• As testing the SM with measurement of inclusive
  Br is now becoming less effective improved
  determination of the (inclusive) direct CP
  asymmery is gaining in sensitivity. Recall, in
  the SM,
• ACP (B -gt Xs ?) 0.6 .SM
• BaBar (89X106 ) 0.025-0.05-0.015
• Belle (152X106 ) 0.002-0.05-0.030
• -gt Precise measurement test of SM, most likely,
• will require gt 109 Bs.
• With improved measurement of ACP (B -gt Xs ?)
• should provide powerful (perhaps even better
  than
• Br) constrain on NP models.

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ACP (B -gt Xd ?)

• Expected to be much bigger (opp. sign)
• In principle may be accessible with fewer
• of Bs as of Bs needed scales
• Br/(ACP )2

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t
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ACP (B -gt Xds ?)

• This is yet another powerful test of the
• SM-CKM-paradigm
• is an excellent NULL TEST i.e. SM predicts
• essentially 0 asymmetry.
• First noted by J.Soares (91) and later
• emphasized by Hurth Mannel(01)
• BaBar (90X106 Bs), hep-ex/0507001
• ACP (B -gt Xds ?) -.110 -.115 - .017
• All three dir. CP asymmetries are extremely
• powerful in constraining NP models.

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Salvaging exclusive modes forprecision tests

• Prior to 97, exclusive modes remain unexploited
  for precision tests
• This is quite unfortunate as experimentally
  exclusive modes are far more straightforward
  compared to inclusive ones
• Precision tests of the SM using time dependent or
  direct CP involving
• I. B0 -gt K(?) ?, Atwood,Gronau and A.S.PRL97
• II. B0 -gt KSp0(?,?),pp? Atwood,Gershon,Hazumi
  AS, PRD05
• III B-0,Bs -gtKf(?,?),?(p) f(?,?), .?
  Atwood,Gershon, Hazumi AS
• (See BNL-HET-06/15 to be submitted)

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Limitation of inclusive measurements

• Though inclusive Br (B-gtXs ?)measurement provides
  an excellent test of the SM (now to
• 10 accuracy), it is rather insensitive to
• testing the presence of forbidden helicity
• (i.e. RH photons in b-quark decays)
• This is because rate monitors the incoherent
• sum of LH RH
• Monitoring polarization of the photon is crucial
• THIS IS WHERE heretofore unexploited exclusive
• radiative decays come in handy.

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Dealing with the higher order corrections

• Practically decade after AGS97observation,
  Grinstein,
• Grossman, Ligeti and Pirjol (PRD05), examined
  higher order
• corrections and identfied a potentially
  important source
• for wrong helicity photons

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higher order corrections

• Their (SCET) analysis,confirming earlier work,
  showed these corrections are 1/mb suppressed.
  Grinstein and Pirjol did a dimensional analysis
  (not an actual computation of the ME), PRD06,
  suggesting corrections could be rather sizeable,
  rendering,
• S(t) sin2f1 X O(0.1). Since an extra gluon is
  involved it requires either suppression also by
  as (hard glue) or participation by (suppressed)
  higher Fock states..
• THEREFORE IN ALL LIKELIHOOD,GPs RESULT
• IS A GENEROUS OVERESTIMATE

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EXPLICIT CALCULATIONS

• Already two very important explicit computations
  of these higher order corrections have recently
  become available
• I. M.Matsumori and A. I. Sanda, PRD06
• use pQCD and find S(t) (3.5-1.7)
• II. P. Ball and R. Zwicky, hep-ph/0609037,
• In another very commendable study use QCDSR and
  find S(t)2.2-1.2(0-1)
• BOTH THESE STUDIES SHOW GRINSTEIN et al.
• CORRECTION IS ACTUALLY VERY SMALL and they
• largely substantiate original AGS estimate
  confirming the cleanliness of this test of the SM

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Important Generalizations to AGS

• I. B0 -gt KSp0(?,?),pp? Atwood,Gershon,Hazumi
  AS, PRD05. Not on
• only this is a very important genralization
  to AGS,
• It also develops a DATA DRIVEN method for
• separating (unwanted) effects of higher order
• corrections .thus their rendering their
  precise numerical value quite irrelevant
• II B-0,Bs -gtKf(?,?),?(p) f(?,?), .?
  Atwood,Gershon, Hazumi and ASWIP
• This generalization is now to FS that are VECTOR
  Scalar
• (photon)Presence of the vector enhances
  the
• sensitivity to NP significantly and renders
  it essentially
• a PERFECT NULL TEST..(i.e. SM pollution
  virtually zero

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Current experimental status outlook for the
future

• S (K?) -.32-.36-.05 Belle (535M Bs)
• -.21-.40-.05 BaBar (232M Bs)
• HFAG -0.28 -.26
• SUPER-B Projections by BABAR BELLE
• Luminos. 1035 -gt S 0.07
• 8X1035 -gt S 0.03

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B??P1P2

• In this case there is potentially additional
  information from the angular distribution of the
  two mesons.
• There are two different cases of how the
  angular information enters
• 1) P1P2 e.g. B0?pp-?. In this case the angular
  distribution gives you the information to
  calculate sin(2?) and sin(fLfRfM) separately.
• 2) P1 and P2 are C eigenstates e.g. B0?K sp0?. In
  this case you can obtain no additional informaton
  from angular distributions but you can add all
  the statistics (as unlike AGS K pi need not be
  resonant) and thereby it allows a more stringent
  test for NP, that is, a more accurate value of
  the NP phase
• In both cases the variation with E? tests
  whether dipole
• emission is an accurate model.

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Intuitive elaboration of why/howAGHS idea works

• In AGS eq.3, strong interaction (meaning leaving
  out weak phase) info is in (A sin ?).
• For 3-body modes of AGHS interest, such
  quantities,
• in general,
• become functions of Dalitz variables, s1 and
  cosTz
• S1 (p1 p2)2 S2 (p1 k)2 S3 (p2 k)2
  
• k is photon momentum, so z ( S2 S3)/ ( S2
  S3) .
• Now for L,R helicities particle and antiparticle
  decays
• we have 4 amplitudes so we have 4 such
  quantities now fL , fR and similar 2 for
  anti-particle. Each is now a function of
• s1 and z. But QCD respects P, C and therefore
  for ( I) the
• case of Ks p0 all 4 become identically the same
  upto a sign.
• Thus time-dependent CP asymmetry A(t) becomes
  independent of Dalitz variables.
• ? Expression for A(t) holds whether Ks p0 are
  resonant or not or
• from more than one resonance, in fact!
• Since A(t) is independent of s1 all points in
  Dalitz plot can be added.
• Significant improvement in statistics and in
  implementation.
• Combining the data together one gets
  significantly improved info on
• sin(?) sin(F) the product of strong and weak
  phase which allows putting
• lower bound on each.

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AGHS for p p- ?

• This is the generalization for b -gt d penguin of
• the rho gamma caseSince pi pi- are now
• antiparicles . Therefore, under C,
• S2 and S3 get interchanged and as a result z-gt-z.
• So angular distribution becomes non-trivial.
• Once again, resonant and non-resonant info can
• be combined but now additional angular info
  becomes
• available to allow a separate determination of
• the strong and the weak phase (up to dis.
  Ambig)!

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Some Details

• Usual Expt. Cuts to ensure underlying 2 body
  b?s(d) ? is necessarythat is, HARD PHOTONin
  particular to discriminate against Brehmms
• Departure from that will show up as smears around
  a central value on the Dalitz plot
• In principle, annhilation graph is a dangerous
  contamination, due to enhanced emission of (LD)
  photons off of light (initial) quark leg (see
  Atwood,Blok and A.S). This is relevant only to b
  -gtd case. Fortunately,can prove that these
  photons
• dominantly have same helicity as from the
  penguin. See AGHS for details.

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So far

• I. K gamma.K, K_2 (AGS)
• NOTE THAT ITSELF HAS a handle for seprating SM
  pollution from NP since to the extent LOHeff
  is valid, irrespective of mass of the resonance
  or its JCP, S(t)
• Should all be the same.Dispersion among them is
  in fact a data driven monior of HOC
• II. K0 pi0 eta, eta, pi0) gamma
• Once again there is a data driven handle for
  that separation as irrespective of phton energy
  or
• of the MM? FS, S(t) should be the sameAllows
  improved statistics again dispersion in S(t)
  is a measure of importance of HOC
• III. Generalize to PVgamma

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New physics signals in B-gtPV?(e.g.FK?)

• Presence of a Vector in the FS allows many
• useful observables to be constructed,
• in particular, triple correlations.
• A highly distinctive FS B- -gtFK- ? (F-gt
  KK-)
• Sizeable BR (3.4-0.9-0.4)X10-6 see
  A.Drutskoy et al
• (Belle), PRL 04 Used 90M Bs
• Babar hep-ex/0607037 207M Bs also
  finds
• Br (B-) 3.46-.57-.39 X10-6
• II. ACP (B-) -26.4-14.3-4.8 .NEEDS
  ATTENTION
• III. Br(B0) lt2.71 X10-6

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Rich plethora of measureable observables in B-gtPV?
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The general form of the angular disribution
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Null tested perfected GOLDEN OBSERVABLE

• sinF terms in angular disribution are CP-odd,
• TN odd (so dont require absorptive phase)
• They go as (CP-odd phase)XFR /FL
• SMCP odd phase is in b -gts penguin O(?2)
• SM. FR /FL ms/mb hoc
• THUS dir CPV triple co-or is reduced to
• about 1/20 previous (already suppressed)!
• TDCP asy in K ?..i.e. well below 1
• TRIPLE COR. Asy (TCA) in FK? is an extremely
  clean null test of the SM
• For more details see Atwood, Gershon,HazumiAS
• (to be published)

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LOGIC

• I. LOOK for TRIPLE CORR
• II. IF YES LOOK FOR P-odd C_even TCA
• III. MAY Also be useful to
• adopt (flavor) untagged analysis
• Specific example of U-spin related modes
• B -gt pi (K) K0 gamma
• B -gt rho (K) K0 gamma

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Summary on radiative decays

• Radiative B-decays one of the most important FS
  for exploring new phenomena
• Though Br(B-gtXs ?) unlikely to payoff more,
  precise determination of CP-asy (B-gtXs ?),
  Br(B-gtXd ?), CPA (B-gtXd ?),CPA (B-gtXsd ?),
• are vitally important goals
• TDCPA in B-gt ?(K K1 K2.. KS
  p(?,?)..?,?..p p..) TCA in ?F(?,?)K..and many
  other VP? provide very clean null tests of the SM
  verypowerful probes of NP at the SBF
• In particular, now also use dir CP for extremely
  precise tests of SM
• Some of the FS MAY also be doable in an hadronic
  environment.

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II.A class of semi-inclusive hadronic B-decays as
null tests of the SMJure Zupan A.S.
(hep-ph/0510325)

• SM-CKM paradigm predicts completely
• negligible partial width diff CP Asymmetry
• in B- -gt M 0(M0 )Xsd- where M0 is either
• An e.s. of slt-gtd switching symmetry e.g
• KS , KL , ?, any charmonium state
• 2) If M0 M0 are related by slt-gtd
  transformation, e.g.
• K0 , K0 , D0 , ?

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Some Remarks

• These are precision null tests wherein the PWD
• or the CP asy. Suffer from double suppression,
• i.e. CKM unitarity constraintsO(?2) and U-spin
• symmetry of QCD O(ms /? QCD )
• (As mentioned earlier, the corresponding
  radiative case studied extensively by Hurth and
  Mannel see also Soares)

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Numerical estimates

• M0
  ACP(ds)
• D0 D0
  O(0.1)
• ?
  O(0.1)
• K0
  O(0.04)
• Asymmetries are all a lot less than 1
• Stress that motivation for going after ANTs is
  that along
• the way you are likely to find NP

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Remarks relevant to expts.

• These tests are semi-inclusive also no time
  dependent measurements are needed.
• Since M0 takes about ½ the energy, the
  hadron complex X has only about 2-2.5GeV
  available energyso it should hadronize into
  relatively low multiplicity eventsThis should
  help in the strategy where the inclusive state is
  built by a sum of exclusive modes.
• At the SuperB one may use the alternate approach
  of fully inclusive analysis on the recoil. This
  requires reconstruction of one B and then M0 is
  searched in the remaining event. Assuming an
  efficiency for reconstruction same as the
  B-factories, around 10-3 , sensitivity to
• asymmetry of 1 requires over 1011 Bs..
• While this may appear daunting, it is important
  to remember, here and below throughout, that the
  key point about these precision ANTs is that
  along the way one may find signs of EXOTICA!

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Recent development
hep-ph/0607053
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A tantalizing possibilty
III

• Signs of a BSM CP-odd phase in penguin dominated
  b -gts transitions?

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b/f1 with penguins
From Masashi Hazumi
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ICHEP2006 f1 with b g s Penguins
Preliminary
Naïve average of all b g s modes sin2beff 0.52
0.05 2.6 s deviation between penguin and tree
(b g s) (b g c)
More statistics crucial for mode-by-mode studies
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fKs also very clean in pQCD 0.0200.008 -0.004,
see Mishima Li
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Some More on ?S

• ?S REMAINS an EXCELLENT TEST
• Sign of ?S theoretically NOT reliable
• (in model calculations small central value with
  rather large errorssee also WilliamsonZupan for
  ?K negative)
• CONCLUSIVE evidence for NP demands
• ?S gt0.10 IN EACH of several
• of the CLEAN modes

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IV. Are the EWP too fat?
See also Lipkin (hep-ph/9810351 Gronau
(hep-ph/0508047)
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Are the EWP too fat?
V
See cheng,chuaAS, Hep-ph/0409317
Expt. Prospects Now 2/ab
50/ab .01(.06) .03 .006
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VI
A very stringent Null test
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0.1
Need over 5X1010 Bs
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ANTs _at_ a SBF


Gershon AS,hep-ph/060230 c also, Browder AS,
hep-ph/0410192
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Remarks

• In some instances, even though getting to SM test
  may seem very demanding, it is useful to stress
  again that along the way one has ample
  opportunity to detect contributions from EXOTICA

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Summary Conclusions (1 of 2)

• While there is compelling theoretical rationale
  for a BSM-CP-odd phase, in light of B-factories
  results, its effects on B-physics likely to be
  small -gt Null tests highly desirable discussed
  several of them
• Power Beauty of the SBF is it offers a HUGE
  ARRAY of Null Tests .Not only these are
  sensitive to NP, measurements should
• allow to discriminate between the models.
• -gt NEED SBF WITH 1011 of clean Bs
• In addition provides a unique opportunity for
  SPECTACULAR t, c phys

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Summary Conclusion

• SBF extremely well motivated
• It COMPLMENTS LHC and in fact extend its reach
  greatly.
• Health vitality of the field strongly suggests
  we seek a new, high lumin.
• e e- B-facility as expediously as possible