URBAN POLICIES

1
URBAN POLICIES

• Gentrification
• Urban renewal
• Urban development grants

2
GENTRIFICATION

• Movement of affluent, usually young professionals
  into the area.
• Social upgrading leads to an improvement in
  residential quality.
• Services are improved due to demand and increased
  disposable income.
• Draws investment and businesses into the area.

3
HOW DOES GENTRIFICATION START?

• Nearness to work, shops, entertainment etc.
• Good public transport.
• Preference for older style buildings.
• The prospect of better local services created by
  a concentration of affluent households.
• Buzz of living in an upwardly mobile area.
• But is it the peoples choice or is it led by
  developers?

4
SUCCESSFUL?

• Trickle down effects to local areas.
• Become cores of urban revival.
• Social disharmony between new and old residents.
• Rise in house prices.
• Existing residents can cash in but then cannot
  afford to stay in the area.
• Original residents spatially displaced.

5
URBAN RENEWAL

• 1960s policies were to bulldoze and start again
  usually with high rise flats.
• 1970-80s policies were to modernise existing
  buildings usually with private corporations
  paying.
• Between 1979 and 1987 2 million was spent on
  inner city partnerships.

6
SUCCESSFUL?

• Modernisation has been more successful than the
  high rise flats.
• People displaced because the number of people who
  can be housed in situ is lower than the original
  number.
• Most schemes are area based and only help that
  particular area.

7
URBAN DEVELOPMENT GRANTS

• Since 1978, government has given grants to
  attract business to inner city areas.
• Enterprise Zones, Urban development corporations,
  City Action teams.
• Docklands is a good example of this type of
  investment.